{"id":120527,"date":"2023-04-25T14:37:50","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T12:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=120527"},"modified":"2023-05-03T16:35:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-03T14:35:00","slug":"studie-ktera-pomoci-matematiky-vysvetluje-geometricke-halucinace","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/the-study-that-uses-math-to-explain-geometric-hallucinations\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie, kter\u00e1 pomoc\u00ed matematiky vysv\u011btluje geometrick\u00e9 halucinace"},"content":{"rendered":"

V na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 historii n\u00e1s v\u0161echny spojuje spole\u010dn\u00e1 zku\u0161enost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159esahuje m\u00edsto i dobu. N\u011bco, co m\u00e1tlo a fascinovalo u\u017eivatele psychedelik od minulosti a\u017e po sou\u010dasnost - mluv\u00edme samoz\u0159ejm\u011b o geometrick\u00fdch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch halucinac\u00edch.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V matematice je kouzlo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom! A\u0165 u\u017e to byl starov\u011bk\u00fd Azt\u00e9k, va\u0161e teta v 70. letech, nebo... vy<\/strong> minul\u00fd t\u00fdden, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee jste vid\u011bli stejn\u00e9 n\u00e1padn\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 obrazce, kter\u00e9 vyza\u0159ovaly ve va\u0161em zraku. P\u011bkn\u011b psychedelick\u00e1 p\u0159edstava, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te? P\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010das, m\u00edsto a identitu - jako n\u011bjak\u00fd druh p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed magie. Nebo, jak nazna\u010duj\u00ed ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 studie, mo\u017en\u00e1 n\u011bco... matematick\u00e9ho? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli jste n\u011bkdy o tom, pro\u010d psychedelika zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed takovou intenzitu? halucinace<\/a>? Nejste sami. Lid\u00e9 se po stalet\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, jak psychedelika ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161i mysl. Je to ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 i dnes unik\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00edm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm technologi\u00edm. Technologie zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku je tak vysp\u011bl\u00e1, jako nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm, a p\u0159esto tato ot\u00e1zka v\u011bdce, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, psychonauty a dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1le mate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u00e1padn\u00e9\" vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed halucinace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A pap\u00edr<\/a> publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v roce 2000 s n\u00e1zvem Geometrick\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucinace, euklidovsk\u00e1 symetrie a funk\u010dn\u00ed architektura stri\u00e1tn\u00ed k\u016fry, <\/em>C\u00edlem bylo prozkoumat, pro\u010d vid\u00edme tyto tvary, kdy\u017e se pot\u00e1c\u00edme na psychedelick\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \"n\u00e1padn\u00e9\" <\/em>zrakov\u00e9 halucinace byly rozd\u011bleny do \u010dty\u0159 skupin: 1. Ro\u0161ty, m\u0159\u00ed\u017eky, pra\u017ece, filigr\u00e1ny, vo\u0161tiny a \u0161achovnice. <\/em>2. \"pavu\u010diny\".  <\/em>3. \"tunely, trycht\u00fd\u0159e, uli\u010dky, ku\u017eely a n\u00e1doby\". <\/em>4. \"spir\u00e1ly\". <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm ch\u00e1peme tyto psychedeliky vyvolan\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucinace, m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v matematice, psychologii, neurologii a kognitivn\u00edch v\u011bd\u00e1ch. Na studii se pod\u00edleli matematici z univerzit v Chicagu, Houstonu a Utahu a tak\u00e9 v\u011bdci ze Salkova institutu pro biologick\u00e1 studia a NIH. Uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee geometrie by mohla b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dem, kter\u00fd odemkne odpov\u011bdi na ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se psychedelick\u00fdch halucinac\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak tedy studie dopadla?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geometrick\u00e9 vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed vjemy jsou zp\u016fsobeny striatn\u00ed k\u016frou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b matematick\u00e9 teorie a teorie tvar\u016f v\u011bdci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee na\u0161e s\u00edtnice vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fra<\/a> a s n\u00edm spojen\u00e9 neuron\u00e1ln\u00ed obvody jsou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou psychedelick\u00fdch vizualizac\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee je to \"vzory spojen\u00ed\" <\/em> mezi t\u011bmito prvky, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za tyto halucinace p\u0159i u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik. Je to slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba rozlu\u0161tit, ale byly u\u010din\u011bny zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 objevy, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt d\u00e1le zkoum\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Hal Gatewood on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V mozku stri\u00e1tn\u00ed k\u016fra<\/a> je oblast, kter\u00e1 je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed. Obsahuje bu\u0148ky zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00fdm prvk\u016fm. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b linie, tvary, hrany a orientace, kter\u00e9 jsou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny v uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9m designu. To zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee sousedn\u00ed bu\u0148ky reaguj\u00ed na tyto prvky podobn\u011b. Tento syst\u00e9m usnad\u0148uje mozku zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, co vid\u00edme. Umo\u017e\u0148uje mu tak\u00e9 vykon\u00e1vat svou pr\u00e1ci s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Halucinace v dokonal\u00e9 symetrii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Geometrick\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucinace jsou typem halucinac\u00ed, proto\u017ee se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm geometrick\u00fdch vzor\u016f a tvar\u016f. Tyto zrakov\u00e9 halucinace obvykle zahrnuj\u00ed euklidovskou symetrii. Jedn\u00e1 se o typ symetrie spojen\u00fd se symetrick\u00fdmi geometrick\u00fdmi tvary a vzory - v souladu s principy Euklidovsk\u00e1 geometrie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Euklidovsk\u00e1 geometrie (p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee za vznik t\u011bchto geometrick\u00fdch zrakov\u00fdch halucinac\u00ed by mohla b\u00fdt zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 struktura striatn\u00ed k\u016fry. Kdy\u017e je aktivita v t\u00e9to oblasti naru\u0161ena, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik, bu\u0148ky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed sklon k ur\u010dit\u00fdm vizu\u00e1ln\u00edm charakteristik\u00e1m (nap\u0159\u00edklad ty, kter\u00e9 souvisej\u00ed s euklidovskou symetri\u00ed). <\/em>jsou aktivov\u00e1ny a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u00ed tento typ halucinac\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vrh je podpo\u0159en v\u00fdzkumem, kter\u00fd uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee psychedelika, jako je psilocybin z magick\u00fdch hub a LSD, mohou vyvolat geometrick\u00e9 zrakov\u00e9 halucinace podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt zp\u016fsobeny stavy, jako je nap\u0159. migr\u00e9na<\/a> nebo Syndrom Charlese Bonneta<\/a>. Tyto halucinace maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 tendenci obsahovat slo\u017eit\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 vzory a tvary, kter\u00e9 se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysok\u00fdm stupn\u011bm symetrie. To posiluje my\u0161lenku, \u017ee za t\u011bmito halucinacemi m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t funk\u010dn\u00ed organizace striatn\u00ed k\u016fry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1hada se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladem studie bylo zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, jak fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed striatn\u00ed k\u016fry souvis\u00ed s klasickou psychedelickou geometrickou halucinac\u00ed. Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, co tento vztah zp\u016fsobuje, ale tento r\u00e1mec n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci pochopit, pro\u010d psychedelika nebo jin\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed zm\u011bny mohou tyto z\u00e1\u017eitky vyvolat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli tedy st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1hadou, pro\u010d p\u0159esn\u011b starov\u011bk\u00fd Azt\u00e9k, va\u0161e teta v 70. letech a va\u0161e teta v 70. letech. vy<\/strong> minul\u00fd t\u00fdden vid\u011bl tyto geometrick\u00e9 obrazy, kdy\u017e byl na psychedelick\u00fdch drog\u00e1ch, tyto d\u016fkazy jist\u011b ukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee na\u0161e vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed je ovlivn\u011bno strukturou striatn\u00ed k\u016fry mozku. V\u00fdzkumy neurolog\u016f zjistily, \u017ee mozek m\u00e1 v sob\u011b zabudovanou preferenci pro rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vzor\u016f a geometrick\u00fdch tvar\u016f. Vznikaj\u00ed tak zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tvary, kter\u00e9 na\u0161e mysl instinktivn\u011b rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelick\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u017eitku <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tyto v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky v kombinaci s mno\u017estv\u00edm anekdotick\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 psychedelik, by mohly p\u0159isp\u011bt k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed toho, pro\u010d se b\u011bhem halucinac\u00ed objevuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed vjemy. A\u0165 u\u017e je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tohoto jevu cokoli, tento v\u00fdzkum jist\u011b povede k nov\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed v\u011bdy o vid\u011bn\u00ed, psychedelick\u00fdch zku\u0161enostech a v\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Harry Quan on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lid\u00e9 experimentuj\u00ed s psychedeliky od nepam\u011bti. Na\u0161i d\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako my, pro\u017e\u00edvali duchovn\u00ed, emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed a intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed probuzen\u00ed d\u00edky psychedelick\u00fdm rostlin\u00e1m a houb\u00e1m. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":120696,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-120527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120527"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":122163,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120527\/revisions\/122163"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120696"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120527"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=120527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}