{"id":14119,"date":"2020-08-18T11:54:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T11:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=14119"},"modified":"2023-05-11T17:41:51","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T15:41:51","slug":"zivotopis-profesora-davida-nutta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/biography-professor-david-nutt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017divotopis: Profesor David Nutt"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a studium<\/em><\/h2>\n

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David Nutt se narodil v roce 1951 v Anglii. Po studi\u00edch na Bristolsk\u00e9m gymn\u00e1ziu pokra\u010doval na Cambridgesk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b ve studiu medic\u00edny. Pot\u00e9 absolvoval klinickou praxi v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9 nemocnici Guys Hospital. Dokon\u010dil pr\u016fkopnickou studii o inverzn\u00ed antagonist\u00e9<\/a> <\/em>v letech 1978-1982 pracoval jako klinick\u00fd v\u011bdec. Odtud p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161el psychiatrii na Oxfordsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. V roce 1986 pak zam\u00ed\u0159il do USA, kde p\u016fsobil jako hostuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdec Fogartyho univerzity. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed institut pro zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed alkoholu a alkoholismus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Poradn\u00ed sbor pro zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Po n\u00e1vratu do Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie v roce 1988 se stal \u0159editelem psychofarmakologie na Bristolsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. D\u00edky jeho rozmanit\u00fdm zku\u0161enostem v oblasti l\u00e9\u010div, psychiatrie a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog se jeho pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed do funkce (v roce 2008)<\/em> jako p\u0159edseda Poradn\u00edho sboru pro zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog. (ACMD)<\/em> pro britskou vl\u00e1du jasnou volbu. P\u016fsobil tak\u00e9 jako poradce na ministerstvu obrany, ministerstvu vnitra a ministerstvu zdravotnictv\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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Kontroverze<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Brzy v\u0161ak Nuttovu kari\u00e9ru zhat\u00ed kontroverze. V roce 2007 publikoval \u010dl\u00e1nek v \u010dasopise The Lancet <\/em>s n\u00e1zvem V\u00fdvoj racion\u00e1ln\u00ed stupnice pro hodnocen\u00ed \u0161kodlivosti potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch drog<\/a>.<\/em> V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku uvedl, \u017ee alkohol je p\u00e1tou nejnebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed drogou po heroinu, kokainu, barbitur\u00e1tech a pouli\u010dn\u00edm metadonu. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm LSD (klasifikov\u00e1no jako droga t\u0159\u00eddy A) <\/em>se um\u00edstil na 14. m\u00edst\u011b, o dev\u011bt m\u00edst n\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e alkohol. (co\u017e je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b leg\u00e1ln\u00ed.)<\/em> <\/p>\n

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J\u00edzda na koni vs. ext\u00e1ze<\/em><\/h2>\n

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V roce 2009 pak Nutt publikoval dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek v \u010dasopise The Lancet. <\/em>To nakonec vedlo k jeho odvol\u00e1n\u00ed z vl\u00e1dn\u00ed funkce. Dokument byl nazv\u00e1n Equasy - p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost s d\u016fsledky pro sou\u010dasnou debatu o \u0161kodlivosti drog<\/a>. <\/em>Nutt v \u010dl\u00e1nku zkoumal, \u017ee j\u00edzda na koni je podobn\u011b jako u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog z\u00e1bavou, kter\u00e1 je mezi mlad\u00fdmi lidmi obl\u00edben\u00e1. Oboj\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt potenci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Zjistil v\u0161ak, \u017ee kdy\u017e pova\u017eoval j\u00edzdu na koni za pseudodrogu, byl tento leg\u00e1ln\u00ed a b\u011b\u017en\u00fd kon\u00ed\u010dek statisticky mnohem nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e rekrea\u010dn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drog. P\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b na koni do\u0161lo k jednomu v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu incidentu na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 350 expozic. Naproti tomu konzumace ext\u00e1ze m\u011bla za n\u00e1sledek jeden v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd incident na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 000 expozic. Nutt uvedl, \u017ee z\u00e1m\u011brem studie bylo  \"p\u0159im\u011bt lidi, aby pochopili, \u017ee \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 drogami se mohou rovnat \u0161kod\u00e1m v jin\u00fdch oblastech \u017eivota\". <\/em><\/p>\n

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9 parametr\u016f po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/em><\/h2>\n

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V \u010dervenci 2009 Nutt p\u0159ednesl p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ku, kter\u00e1 osv\u011btlila dichotomii mezi postojem vl\u00e1dy ke \u0161kodlivosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch drog a skute\u010dnou statistickou \u0161kodlivost\u00ed t\u011bchto drog na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Nutt vyj\u00e1d\u0159il n\u00e1zor, \u017ee klasifikace drog (nap\u0159. t\u0159\u00edda A, B atd.)<\/em> by m\u011bly odpov\u00eddat skute\u010dn\u00e9 statistick\u00e9 \u0161kod\u011b, kterou zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed. Zopakoval, \u017ee podle dev\u00edti parametr\u016f \u0161kodlivosti jsou alkohol a tab\u00e1k nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e konop\u00ed, LSD a ext\u00e1ze. (kter\u00e9 zahrnuj\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, fyzickou \u00fajmu a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fajmu). <\/em>Byla vyd\u00e1na bro\u017eura s touto p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kou, kter\u00e1 byla \u0161iroce dostupn\u00e1. <\/p>\n

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Konflikt mezi vl\u00e1dou a v\u011bdou<\/em><\/h2>\n

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To se v\u0161ak nel\u00edbilo jeho vl\u00e1dn\u00edm zam\u011bstnavatel\u016fm a v \u0159\u00edjnu 2009 byl Nutt ze sv\u00e9 pozice v ACMD odvol\u00e1n, respektive \"po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n o rezignaci\". Alan Johnson, tehdej\u0161\u00ed ministr vnitra, prohl\u00e1sil \"Byl po\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1n, aby ode\u0161el, proto\u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z\u00e1rove\u0148 vl\u00e1dn\u00edm poradcem a bojovn\u00edkem proti vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politice.\" <\/em>Toto rozhodnut\u00ed se v\u0161ak nesetkalo s p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdm p\u0159ijet\u00edm ze strany v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunity. Nuttovo odvol\u00e1n\u00ed vedlo k rezignaci Dr. Lese Kinga, vedouc\u00edho chemika ACMD a poradce ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed, a Marion Walkerov\u00e9, z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 farmaceutick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti v ACMD.<\/p>\n

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John Beddington, hlavn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd poradce vl\u00e1dy Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee je \"docela zd\u011b\u0161en\u00fd\"<\/em>  Nuttovo propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a souhlasil s jeho n\u00e1zorem, \u017ee konop\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e9 ne\u017e alkohol a tab\u00e1k.  \"Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy jsou naprosto jasn\u00e9. Souhlasil bych s nimi.\" <\/em> V mnoha ohledech \u0161lo o st\u0159et mezi vl\u00e1dn\u00ed politikou a v\u011bdeck\u00fdmi poznatky. <\/p>\n

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Do roku 2010 z\u00edskal Nutt dostatek finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f na zalo\u017een\u00ed Nez\u00e1visl\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pro drogy (pozd\u011bji p\u0159ejmenovan\u00fd na DrugScience).  <\/em>Organizace zahrnovala \u010dleny ACMD, kte\u0159\u00ed rezignovali na protest proti Nuttovu odvol\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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Vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed a ceny<\/em><\/h2>\n

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 Je dr\u017eitelem mnoha presti\u017en\u00edch vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b titulu \u010dlena Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty, Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 psychiatrick\u00e9 fakulty a Akademie l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u011bd. Byl tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159aduj\u00edc\u00edm prezidentem Britsk\u00e9 asociace pro neurov\u011bdy a Evropsk\u00e9 rady pro mozek. V roce 2013 byl Nutt ocen\u011bn Cena Johna Maddoxe<\/a>, kter\u00e1 se ud\u011bluje t\u011bm, kdo prosazuj\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky a d\u016fkazy v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, a to navzdory obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edm a nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. <\/p>\n

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Psilocybin, LSD a Beckleyho nadace<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Nutt v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b spolupracuje mimo jin\u00e9 se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Amanda Fieldingov\u00e1<\/a> a nadace Beckley Foundation. V\u00fdzkum se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vliv psychedelik na pr\u016ftok krve mozkem. V roce 2015 Nutt zalo\u017eil crowdfundingovou str\u00e1nku, na kter\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010foval pen\u00edze na v\u00fdzkum \u00fa\u010dink\u016f LSD na mozek. Za necel\u00fd t\u00fdden m\u011bla v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 podporovatel\u016f. P\u016fvodn\u00ed c\u00edl 25 000 liber, kter\u00fd studie pot\u0159ebovala. (sou\u010d\u00e1st programu Beckley Foundation's Psychedelic Research Program), <\/em>se za necel\u00fd t\u00fdden zdvojn\u00e1sobil.<\/p>\n

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Proto byly c\u00edle v\u00fdzkumu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny o v\u00fdzkum LSD ve vztahu k tvo\u0159ivosti a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f. Nutt a jeho kolegov\u00e9 ji\u017e provedli studii zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku pomoc\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 rezonance u dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00fdm pod\u00e1vali psilocybin<\/a>- kter\u00e1 odhalila, \u017ee tato slou\u010denina hraje roli v s\u00edti Default Mode Network. (DMN). <\/em>DMN je \u010d\u00e1st mozku, kter\u00e1 je spojena s depres\u00ed, OCD a Alzeimerem, co\u017e vedlo k velk\u00e9mu nad\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee psychedelika mohou pomoci p\u0159i t\u011bchto stavech.<\/p>\n

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Brave New World...<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Profesor Nutt se dodnes ne\u00fanavn\u011b zasazuje o zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed omezen\u00ed pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00edch. Doufejme, \u017ee to pom\u016f\u017ee kone\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hnout toho, co nazval \"odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd nov\u00fd sv\u011bt psychedelick\u00e9 psychiatrie\".<\/em><\/p>\n

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Mo\u017en\u00e1 jste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee jm\u00e9no profesora Davida Nutta je uvedeno a\/nebo citov\u00e1no v mnoha na\u0161ich bloz\u00edch. Je oporou \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f o o\u017eiven\u00e9m oboru psychedelik pro terapeutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Kdo je v\u0161ak tento proslul\u00fd profesor? A jak jeho pr\u00e1ce ned\u00edln\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k pokroku ve v\u00fdzkumu psychedelik? V na\u0161em \u017eivotopise profesora Davida Nutta najdete v\u0161e, co pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt o tomto mu\u017ei, v\u011bdci!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-14119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14119"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123862,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119\/revisions\/123862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14119"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=14119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}