{"id":176851,"date":"2024-01-18T17:43:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T16:43:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=176851"},"modified":"2024-01-18T17:49:39","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T16:49:39","slug":"zpusobila-smrt-dinosauru-ze-se-houby-staly-psychedelickymi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/did-the-death-of-the-dinosaurs-cause-mushrooms-to-become-psychedelic\/","title":{"rendered":"Zp\u016fsobila smrt dinosaur\u016f, \u017ee se houby staly psychedelick\u00fdmi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie<\/a>, publikovan\u00e9 v Sborn\u00edk N\u00e1rodn\u00ed akademie v\u011bd, <\/em>v\u011bdci analyzovali genomy v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 hub pat\u0159\u00edc\u00edch do skupiny Psilocybe <\/em>rod. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny houby rodu Psilocybe <\/em>rod (jak v\u011bd\u00ed ti, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed trochu mykologick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed)<\/em> obsahuj\u00ed psychedelick\u00e9 slou\u010deniny psilocybin a psilocin.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9, \u017ee navzdory zna\u010dn\u00e9 celosv\u011btov\u00e9 pozornosti, kter\u00e9 se psilocybinu dostalo - d\u00edky jeho vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmu potenci\u00e1lu jako l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9ho prost\u0159edku pro du\u0161evn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/a> nebo v paliativn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/a> - velmi m\u00e1lo z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 165 Psilocybe <\/em>druhy byly studov\u00e1ny ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. To je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zp\u016fsobeno stigmatizac\u00ed a nepochopen\u00edm psychedelik, kter\u00e9 se teprve ned\u00e1vno za\u010dalo napravovat. V t\u00e9to studii byla provedena genomick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza 52 Psilocybe <\/em>v\u010detn\u011b 39 druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 dosud nebyly sekvenov\u00e1ny, je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bryn Dentinger, spoluautor studie a kur\u00e1tor mykologie v P\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00e9m muzeu v Utahu, uvedl;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Genomika je to, co pot\u0159ebujete ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech jedine\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed t\u011bchto r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f... Posunuli jsme to tak daleko, jak jen to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, s co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem druh\u016f a vzork\u016f.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kouzeln\u00e9 houby: Mnohem star\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dentinger a jeho t\u00fdm tak\u00e9 zjistili \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee houby Psilocybe <\/em>rod vznikl p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 65 miliony let. M\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee nejstar\u0161\u00ed lidsk\u00fd druh se objevil zhruba p\u0159ed 2 miliony let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e modern\u00ed Homo sapiens<\/em> (AKA, vy a j\u00e1) <\/em>se vyvinul teprve p\u0159ed 300 000 lety. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kouzeln\u00e9 houby produkovaly tripy u\u017e 63 milion\u016f let p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se na ve\u010d\u00edrku objevilo cokoli humanoidn\u00edho! P\u0159ed touto studi\u00ed nem\u011bli v\u011bdci p\u0159esn\u00fd odhad, kdy se psychedelick\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u011bchto hub objevily. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed datuje houby mnohem d\u00e1le do minulosti, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
p\u0159es Public Domain<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d se houby staly psychedelick\u00fdmi? <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee tyto houby vyvinuly dva nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdroby psilocybinu, z nich\u017e jeden byl dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fd. V genov\u00e9m shluku, kter\u00fd produkuje psilocybin, byly nalezeny dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed gen\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na evolu\u010dn\u00ed cest\u011b psychedelick\u00fdch hub existovaly dv\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 snahy o v\u00fdvoj psilocybinu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d tedy byly tyto houby tak odhodlan\u00e9 z\u00edskat tripovou slou\u010deninu psilocybin, \u017ee si pro jej\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed vyvinuly ne jeden, ale hned dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 genov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 zkoumali mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fvody, pro\u010d Psilocybe <\/em>se houby vyvinuly tak, aby m\u011bly psychotropn\u00ed funkci. A up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, pro\u010d by to houb\u00e1m m\u011blo prosp\u00edvat, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le nejasn\u00e9 z hlediska p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f. Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed struktura psilocybinu napodobuje serotonin a v\u00e1\u017ee se na serotoninov\u00e9 receptory savc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se t\u011bmito houbami cpou, jak dob\u0159e v\u00edme. Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed teori\u00ed je, \u017ee psychedelick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky vyvolan\u00e9 po\u017eit\u00edm houby p\u016fsob\u00ed jako odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek nebo jako chemick\u00e1 obrana proti hmyzu. To v\u0161ak zat\u00edm nebylo v\u011bdecky ov\u011b\u0159eno. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zp\u016fsobila smrt dinosaur\u016f houbov\u00fd boom?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tato teorie n\u00e1s v\u0161ak p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k tomu, na co jste \u010dekali - vstupte, dinosau\u0159i. Paleontologov\u00e9 mezi n\u00e1mi (a kdo j\u00edm nebyl, kdy\u017e mu bylo sedm?) <\/em>mohl rozpoznat, \u017ee P\u0159ed 65 miliony let<\/em> nen\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jen proto, \u017ee jde o nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 datum narozen\u00ed psilocybinu. Je to tak\u00e9 datum, kdy do Zem\u011b narazil asteroid, co\u017e vedlo k ukon\u010den\u00ed vl\u00e1dy dinosaur\u016f na t\u00e9to planet\u011b. V podstat\u011b, kdy\u017e vyhynuli dinosau\u0159i, houby se staly tripem. N\u00e1hoda? Tito v\u011bdci si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee ne.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hypot\u00e9za o pl\u017e\u00edch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Auto\u0159i t\u00e9to studie budou d\u00e1le p\u0159ipravovat experimenty, kter\u00e9 budou testovat tzv. \"hypot\u00e9zu pl\u017e\u016f\". Tato teorie p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee se psilocybin v houb\u00e1ch vyvinul proto, aby je slim\u00e1ci nejedli. Dnes jsou slim\u00e1ci v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pred\u00e1torem hub. Po dopadu asteroidu na Zemi p\u0159ed 65 miliony let v\u0161ak zahynuli nejen dinosau\u0159i, ale i v\u0161ichni savci v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e krysa. T\u00edm byla odstran\u011bna v\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159irozen\u00fdch pred\u00e1tor\u016f slim\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo, \u017ee se jim mezi smrt\u00ed a rozkladem za\u010dalo da\u0159it. \u0160patn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va pro chutn\u00e9 houby! Proto museli vymyslet obrann\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed proti rostouc\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b pred\u00e1tor\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyvinuly se tedy kouzeln\u00e9 houby, proto\u017ee n\u00e1raz asteroidu zabil dinosaury, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dodal \"suchozemsk\u00fdm pl\u017e\u016fm\" odvahu a p\u0159ivedl je k nov\u00e9mu zp\u016fsobu ochrany, kter\u00fd dnes vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me my lid\u00e9? No... na to si budeme muset po\u010dkat.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studium hub m\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 pohled na sv\u011bt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Studium hub, kter\u00e9 bylo tak dlouho podce\u0148ov\u00e1no, ji\u017e p\u0159ineslo mnoho fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch poznatk\u016f o historii na\u0161\u00ed planety a o v\u0161em rozmanit\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b, kter\u00fd se na n\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed. Studiem a sekvenov\u00e1n\u00edm psilocybinov\u00fdch hub se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me o evolu\u010dn\u00ed minulosti i o budoucnosti l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch postup\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly prosp\u011bt cel\u00e9mu sv\u011btu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed autor studie Alexander Bradshaw zd\u016fraznil hodnotu jejich v\u00fdzkumu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"V\u00fdznam sb\u00edrek pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed podobn\u00fdch studi\u00ed nelze p\u0159ece\u0148ovat. Stoj\u00edme na ramenou velik\u00e1n\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1vili tis\u00edce hodin pr\u00e1ce, aby tyto sb\u00edrky vytvo\u0159ili, tak\u017ee j\u00e1 mohu napsat e-mail a po\u017e\u00e1dat o p\u0159\u00edstup ke vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny pouze jednou a mo\u017en\u00e1 u\u017e nikdy nebudou shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny,\" \u0159ekl.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Creative Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed sekvenovat v\u0161echny zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Psilocybe <\/em>vzork\u016f a spolupracuje s odborn\u00edky z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Spole\u010dn\u011b doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee se jim poda\u0159\u00ed odhalit tajemn\u00fd l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l magick\u00fdch hub.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f z USA, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a Mexika dokon\u010dil dosud nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed genomickou studii magick\u00fdch hub. Nejen\u017ee polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady pro budoucnost psychedelick\u00e9 terapie, ale mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee triphopov\u00e1 s\u00edla magick\u00fdch hub m\u016f\u017ee souviset se smrt\u00ed dinosaur\u016f!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":176859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-176851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mycology","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176851"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176870,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851\/revisions\/176870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/176859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176851"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=176851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}