{"id":208466,"date":"2024-09-05T17:31:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T15:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=208466"},"modified":"2024-09-05T17:32:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T15:32:18","slug":"studie-odhalila-jak-psilocybin-a-mdma-ovlivnuji-mozek-odlisne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/study-reveals-how-psilocybin-and-mdma-affect-the-brain-differently\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie odhalila, jak psilocybin a MDMA odli\u0161n\u011b ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed mozek"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd studium<\/a>, publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Scientific Reports, poskytla dosud nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu toho, jak klasick\u00e1 psychedelika. (jako nap\u0159. psilocybin<\/a> z magick\u00fdch hub a LSD). <\/em>a drogy MDMA (\u010dasto zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako ext\u00e1ze nebo E) <\/em>ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed funkce b\u011bhem u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed a po n\u011bm.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee tyto l\u00e1tky maj\u00ed velmi odli\u0161n\u00fd vliv na mozek. Zat\u00edmco psychedelika naru\u0161uj\u00ed pozornost a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce, MDMA naru\u0161uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pam\u011b\u0165. Vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed je, \u017ee studie tak\u00e9 nalezla d\u016fkazy, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee psychedelika mohou zvy\u0161ovat kreativitu a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce i pot\u00e9, co bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky drogy odezn\u00ed. U MDMA tento \u00fa\u010dinek pozorov\u00e1n nebyl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi psychedeliky a MDMA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S rostouc\u00edm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm psychedelik a MDMA (z terapeutick\u00fdch i rekrea\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f)  <\/em>je st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bt k tomu, abychom l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bli jejich kognitivn\u00edm \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o stanoven\u00ed pokyn\u016f a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v terapeutick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I z laick\u00e9ho pohledu se \u00fa\u010dinky klasick\u00fdch psychedelik a MDMA dost li\u0161\u00ed. MDMA je proslul\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 pocity euforie, empatie, citov\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti, a dokonce i l\u00e1sky. Klasick\u00e1 psychedelika naproti tomu zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 zm\u011bny vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \"trip\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Jesse Bauer on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory tomu, \u017ee jsme obezn\u00e1meni s \u00fa\u010dinky t\u011bchto popul\u00e1rn\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f, skute\u010dn\u00e9 mechanismy jejich vlivu na kognitivn\u00ed funkce, jako je pam\u011b\u0165, pozornost a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce, nejsou zn\u00e1my. (sem pat\u0159\u00ed dovednosti jako pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed dop\u0159edu a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f). <\/em>nebyly dob\u0159e zn\u00e1my, stejn\u011b jako rozd\u00edly mezi nimi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed vzorc\u016f v datech<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci provedli metaanal\u00fdzu, aby tuto mezeru odstranili. Metaanal\u00fdza je statistick\u00e1 metoda, kter\u00e1 kombinuje v\u00fdsledky z v\u00edce ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch studi\u00ed, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat z\u00e1konitosti a vyvodit spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bry. Tato konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed studie byla pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee jako prvn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho druhu takto podrobn\u011b srovn\u00e1vala kognitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky MDMA a psychedelik. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor studie Lukas A Basedow \u0159ekl;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Akutn\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky psychedelik je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zkoumat, aby se pos\u00edlilo \u00fasil\u00ed o sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kod a prevenci. Krom\u011b toho mohou b\u00fdt specifick\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro terapeutick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed psychedelik, jako jsou pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky MDMA,\". <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch datab\u00e1z\u00ed a vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed studi\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na kognitivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky psychedelik a MDMA na\u0161li 122 vhodn\u00fdch studi\u00ed pro kvalitativn\u00ed p\u0159ehled, z nich\u017e 31 pou\u017eili pro kvantitativn\u00ed anal\u00fdzu.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Micha\u0142 Parzuchowski on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed oblasti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u00fdza se zam\u011b\u0159ila na t\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed oblasti: kognitivn\u00ed funkce, pam\u011b\u0165 a pozornost. V\u00fdkonn\u00e1 funkce<\/strong> se t\u00fdk\u00e1 kognitivn\u00edch proces\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b, jako je \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed, pam\u011b\u0165<\/strong> je schopnost uchov\u00e1vat a zapamatovat si informace, zat\u00edmco Pozor<\/strong> zahrnuje schopnost soust\u0159edit se a udr\u017eet koncentraci. Studie pak byly rozd\u011bleny do kategori\u00ed podle toho, kdy byla kognitivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bna - bu\u010f b\u011bhem akutn\u00edho \u00fa\u010dinku drogy, nebo b\u011bhem l\u00e9\u010dby, kdy byla kognitivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bna. (tj. kdy\u017e byli \"sjet\u00ed\"), <\/em>nebo b\u011bhem subakutn\u00ed f\u00e1ze (do 24 hodin po odezn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinku l\u00e9ku).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie zjistila v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v tom, jak psychedelika a MDMA ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed funkce. Bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee b\u011bhem akutn\u00ed f\u00e1ze neboli \"tripu\" psychedelika zhor\u0161uj\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce a pozornost. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pod vlivem psychedelik, mohou m\u00edt probl\u00e9my s \u00fakoly, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo trval\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed. Navzdory tomu byla pam\u011b\u0165 psychedeliky ovlivn\u011bna m\u00e9n\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 studie neuv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv. (a\u010dkoli u ostatn\u00edch byl p\u0159\u00edtomen).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelika dodate\u010dn\u011b zlep\u0161uj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed funkce<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zjistili, \u017ee jakmile akutn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek psychedelika odezn\u011bl. (obvykle po 24 hodin\u00e1ch) <\/em>n\u011bkter\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed funkce se zlep\u0161ily. Zejm\u00e9na zjistili, \u017ee v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce a kreativita mohou b\u00fdt b\u011bhem tohoto subakutn\u00edho obdob\u00ed pos\u00edleny. (po v\u00fdletu) <\/em>f\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1 b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \"obdob\u00edm po z\u00e1\u0159i\". Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duje, \u017ee psychedelika mohou m\u00edt zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed schopnost skute\u010dn\u011b posilovat ur\u010dit\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed funkce i po skon\u010den\u00ed jejich bezprost\u0159edn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
p\u0159es Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
MDMA nem\u00e1 \"dozvuk (to nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed pro nikoho, kdo n\u011bkdy za\u017eil n\u00e1vrat k ext\u00e1zi) <\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Oproti tomu MDMA v akutn\u00ed f\u00e1zi p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zhor\u0161oval pam\u011b\u0165, ale nem\u011bl v\u00fdrazn\u00fd vliv na v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce a pozornost. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee u\u017eivatel\u00e9 MDMA by mohli m\u00edt b\u011bhem u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed drogy pot\u00ed\u017ee se zapamatov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch informac\u00ed nebo s vybavov\u00e1n\u00edm si detail\u016f. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee studie nezjistila \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o efektu po odezn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinku MDMA pot\u00e9, co \u00fa\u010dinky drogy odezn\u011bly, a kognitivn\u00ed funkce se vr\u00e1tily na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \"norm\u00e1ln\u00ed\" \u00farove\u0148 jedince bez jak\u00e9hokoli znateln\u00e9ho zlep\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed profily klasick\u00fdch psychedelik a MDMA. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee psilocybin, LSD a dal\u0161\u00ed do\u010dasn\u011b naru\u0161uj\u00ed pozornost, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 funkce, ale ve skute\u010dnosti mohou tyto schopnosti po odezn\u011bn\u00ed akutn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f drogy pos\u00edlit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Studie zjistila, \u017ee z\u00e1\u017eitky mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v\u0161ak zaznamenali zna\u010dnou m\u00edru variability v n\u00e1lezech v\u0161ech studi\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch v metaanal\u00fdze. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basedow \u0159ekl Psypost;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nejp\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm byla heterogenita v\u00fdsledk\u016f... Zat\u00edmco jsme zjistili vzorce po\u0161kozen\u00ed, studie tak\u00e9 \u010dasto neprok\u00e1zaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 psychedeliky, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 jsou schopni zachovat si sv\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti pod vlivem psychedelik.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato heterogenita (rozd\u00edl) <\/em>mezi v\u00fdsledky poukazuje na slo\u017eitost toho, jak tyto l\u00e1tky m\u011bn\u00ed pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00da\u010dinky psychedelik i MDMA se ne\u0159\u00edd\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdm, p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm vzorcem a mohou se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na faktorech, jako je prost\u0159ed\u00ed a kontext, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou l\u00e1tky u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny, individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly mezi u\u017eivateli a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed metodiky pou\u017eit\u00e9 ve studi\u00edch. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato slo\u017eitost \u010din\u00ed vyvozov\u00e1n\u00ed definitivn\u00edch z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f o kognitivn\u00edch dopadech t\u011bchto drog n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak mohou tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovlivnit terapeutick\u00e9 i rekrea\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed maj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 i rekrea\u010dn\u00ed u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek. Nap\u0159\u00edklad zaznamenan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky psychedelik po jejich u\u017eit\u00ed by mohly b\u00fdt specificky vyu\u017eity ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti terapeutick\u00fdch sezen\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fdch po psychedelick\u00e9m z\u00e1\u017eitku - v podstat\u011b by se tak vyu\u017eilo okno, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e by terapeutick\u00fd proces mohl b\u00fdt nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pokud jde o rekrea\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely, lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f t\u011bchto drog m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt k jejich bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. To by mohlo zahrnovat vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se \u00fakol\u016fm, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pozornost nebo rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed b\u011bhem u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed psychedelik, proto\u017ee tyto funkce mohou b\u00fdt do\u010dasn\u011b naru\u0161eny. M\u016f\u017ee se v\u0161ak st\u00e1t, \u017ee rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed <\/em>den je vylep\u0161en...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm upozorn\u011bn\u00edm je v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 heterogenita.\" <\/em>vysv\u011btlil autor studie Basedow. \"Nejen\u017ee se v\u00fdsledky jednotliv\u00fdch studi\u00ed li\u0161ily, ale tak\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00e9 metody byly velmi rozd\u00edln\u00e9. Pokusili jsme se shrnout \u00fa\u010dinky r\u016fzn\u00fdch test\u016f, ale budouc\u00ed studie by se m\u011bly zam\u011b\u0159it na pou\u017eit\u00ed nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch neuropsychologick\u00fdch test\u016f. V budouc\u00edch studi\u00edch by bylo skv\u011bl\u00e9 porovnat r\u016fzn\u00e1 psychedelika (nap\u0159. LSD a psilocybin) a tak\u00e9 MDMA p\u0159\u00edmo ve stejn\u00fdch testech a za stejn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, aby se spr\u00e1vn\u011b rozli\u0161ily \u00fa\u010dinky r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek.\"<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo m\u00e1 alespo\u0148 trochu zku\u0161enost\u00ed s \"l\u00e1tkami\", v\u00ed, \u017ee magick\u00e9 houby a MDMA jsou dost odli\u0161n\u00e9 drogy. D\u00edky jejich potenci\u00e1lu pro terapeutick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed se v\u0161ak v\u00fdzkum mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za jejich odli\u0161nostmi, zna\u010dn\u011b prohloubil a odhalil n\u011bkolik docela zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":208477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-208466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208466"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":208481,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466\/revisions\/208481"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208466"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=208466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}