{"id":210079,"date":"2024-09-16T16:52:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T14:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=210079"},"modified":"2024-09-16T16:59:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T14:59:26","slug":"co-jsou-to-halucinace-pri-tripu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/tripping-robots-what-are-ai-hallucinations\/","title":{"rendered":"Spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed robot\u016f? Co jsou halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve sv\u00e9m kultovn\u00edm, Blade Runnerem inspirovan\u00e9m rom\u00e1nu Sn\u00ed androidi o elektrick\u00fdch ovc\u00edch,<\/em> se autor Philip K. Dick zam\u00fd\u0161lel nad etick\u00fdmi a filozofick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami, kter\u00e9 vyvstanou, kdy\u017e si um\u011bl\u00e9 bytosti vyvinou v\u011bdom\u00ed podobn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9mu. Rom\u00e1n se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, zda je um\u011bl\u00e1 bytost schopna nab\u00fdt vlastnost\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed, c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed emoc\u00ed a schopnost vn\u00edmat. Co by to znamenalo pro hranice, kter\u00e9 existuj\u00ed mezi lidskou a um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zat\u00edmco my jsme (doufejme!) <\/em>a\u010dkoli se technologie je\u0161t\u011b zdaleka neobr\u00e1tila proti n\u00e1m, jsou ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 Dick v t\u00e9to knize polo\u017eil, dnes aktu\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm. <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Bezprecedentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zde samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed na \u0159adu halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. S ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edlivem velk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f (LLM) <\/em>jako je ChatGPT, jsme se setkali s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nebyl mo\u017en\u00fd. V\u00fdhody i nev\u00fdhody jsou \u010detn\u00e9 a kontroverzn\u00ed. Jednou z nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch\/frustruj\u00edc\u00edch\/d\u011bsiv\u00fdch\/sm\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch je v\u0161ak (v z\u00e1vislosti na va\u0161em pohledu) <\/em>z tohoto zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed technologi\u00ed vyplynuly halucinace o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci. Tyto \"halucinace\" se projevuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee LLM prezentuj\u00ed nepravdiv\u00e9, zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed nebo iracion\u00e1ln\u00ed informace, jako by to byla fakta. Mnoho u\u017eivatel\u016f zjistilo, \u017ee odpov\u011bdi na jejich ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 jim tyto syst\u00e9my poskytly, jsou prokazateln\u011b nepravdiv\u00e9. Obecn\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee k tomu doch\u00e1z\u00ed tehdy, kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m LLM nem\u00e1 k dispozici dostate\u010dn\u011b kvalitn\u00ed \u00fadaje nebo dostate\u010dn\u00fd kontext, z n\u011bho\u017e by mohl vych\u00e1zet.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u016f\u017ee stroj halucinovat?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Term\u00edn, kter\u00fd byl pro tuto chybu zvolen, \"halucinace\", je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd. Na prvn\u00ed pohled se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t paradoxn\u00ed, proto\u017ee halucinace jsou tradi\u010dn\u011b spojov\u00e1ny s lidsk\u00fdmi nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi mozky, nikoliv s chladn\u00fdmi a tvrd\u00fdmi stroji. Z metaforick\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak, halucinace<\/strong> se ukazuje jako pom\u011brn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00fd term\u00edn pro popis t\u011bchto poruch, zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu a vzor\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edte, jak vid\u00edte postavy v mrac\u00edch nebo tv\u00e1\u0159e v ne\u017eiv\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011btech? Jedn\u00e1 se o zcela p\u0159irozen\u00fd lidsk\u00fd jev, tzv. pareidolie<\/a>. <\/em>Ale halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence by se daly popsat podobn\u011b, jako hled\u00e1n\u00ed rozpoznateln\u00fdch vzorc\u016f ve zm\u011bti dat. K jejich chybn\u00e9 interpretaci m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt v d\u016fsledku r\u016fzn\u00fdch faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zkreslen\u00ed\/nep\u0159esnosti tr\u00e9ninkov\u00fdch dat, nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed a vysok\u00e9 slo\u017eitosti modelu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Realita, kterou nech\u00e1pou<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Studenti LLM pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lingvistickou statistiku k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed odpov\u011bd\u00ed o realit\u011b, kter\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti nerozum\u011bj\u00ed. Jejich odpov\u011bdi se mohou zd\u00e1t spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 (s p\u0159\u00edkladnou gramatikou, s\u00e9mantikou atd.) <\/em>ale n\u011bkdy to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fapln\u00fd nesmysl. \u0160patn\u011b vycvi\u010den\u00e1 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence bude m\u00edt vrozen\u00e9 p\u0159edsudky a slep\u00e1 m\u00edsta - to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se bude sna\u017eit vyplnit pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 m\u00edsta ve snaze odpov\u011bd\u011bt na va\u0161i ot\u00e1zku. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b \"pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 m\u00edsta\", na kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ij\u00edt, mohou b\u00fdt docela z jin\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Possessed Photography na Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed (sp\u00ed\u0161e romanticky)<\/em> p\u0159irovnal halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence k na\u0161im lidsk\u00fdm sn\u016fm v tom smyslu, \u017ee se v nich kreativn\u011b sl\u00e9vaj\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u011b n\u00e1hodn\u00e1 data bez logick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu. Tyto bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9 reakce mohou m\u00edt sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Lze je vyu\u017e\u00edt jako inspiraci pro \"nestandardn\u00ed\" my\u0161len\u00ed nebo jako v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod pro psan\u00ed, hudbu \u010di um\u011bn\u00ed. Mohou v\u0161ak b\u00fdt i \u0161kodliv\u00e9. Mohou \u0161\u00ed\u0159it fale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a nepravdiv\u00e9 informace, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. Nechcete p\u0159ece riskovat halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, pokud jde o samo\u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed auta nebo l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve snaze zachr\u00e1nit reputaci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence u ve\u0159ejnosti vedou v\u011bdci v\u00e1lku proti halucinac\u00edm pomoc\u00ed metod, kter\u00e9 byly vyvinuty k jejich pot\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se l\u00e9pe pt\u00e1t, abyste z\u00edskali lep\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z t\u011bchto metod je \"Prompt Engineering\". Ta klade na n\u00e1s, u\u017eivatele, d\u016fkladn\u011b promyslet, jak formulujeme ot\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 klademe u\u017eivatel\u016fm LLM. Jde o to, abychom se ptali vpravo <\/strong>ot\u00e1zka. V\u00fdzva je v podstat\u011b kontext a soubor instrukc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1te n\u00e1stroji LLM, jako je ChatGPT, abyste z\u00edskali vhodnou odpov\u011b\u010f. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdzva zahrnuje zahrnut\u00ed jasn\u00e9ho kontextu a pohledu na to, na co se pt\u00e1te, zad\u00e1n\u00ed \"role\" gener\u00e1toru um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a dokonce i nast\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed toho, jak m\u00e1 b\u00fdt odpov\u011b\u010f strukturovan\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde jen o to, \u017ee do Googlu zad\u00e1te n\u011bkolik kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov. Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed co nejlep\u0161\u00edho a nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdsledku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00edce v\u00fdzev. V podstat\u011b mus\u00edte m\u00edt pln\u011b pod kontrolou vstupn\u00ed \u00fadaje, abyste mohli \u0159\u00eddit sv\u016fj v\u00fdstup, co\u017e je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm pr\u00e1ce se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm syst\u00e9mem <\/strong>ani\u017e by se podstatn\u011b zm\u011bnilo jeho naprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podn\u011bt vlo\u017e\u00edte, t\u00edm kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f dostanete. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Igor Omilaev on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jak \"Promt Engineering\" souvis\u00ed s psychedelick\u00fdm trippingem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\"Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed!\" <\/em>- by se dalo \u0159\u00edct - \"Ale co to m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s psychedeliky?!\" <\/em>No, up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, krom\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edhalucinace<\/a>. Metody, kter\u00fdmi lze halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence potla\u010dit, n\u00e1s v\u0161ak p\u0159im\u011bly zamyslet se nad t\u00edm, jak ovliv\u0148ujeme sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 halucinace - tedy psychedelick\u00e9 tripy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mnoha ohledech se tato my\u0161lenka p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed vstup\u016f pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu podob\u00e1 my\u0161lence nastaven\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011bru<\/strong>a dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, kterou d\u011bl\u00e1me, aby p\u0159ipravte se na psychedelick\u00fd trip ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.<\/a>. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e abychom se vyhnuli \"\u0161patn\u00fdm\" odpov\u011bd\u00edm. (n\u011bkdo by mohl \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee na psychedelick\u00e9m tripu neexistuj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi!) <\/em>d\u011bl\u00e1me to proto, abychom z\u00edskali co nejhlub\u0161\u00ed a nejgenerativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek. Stanoven\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011bru je v jist\u00e9m smyslu \"ot\u00e1zkou\". 'Set a nastaven\u00ed<\/a>' je jako kontext. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vytvo\u0159eno pomoc\u00ed deepdreamgenerator<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli na rozd\u00edl od um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence jsou na\u0161e halucinace, sny a bloud\u011bn\u00ed mysl\u00ed obvykle pozitivn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, vyp\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed na cestu v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci vyt\u011b\u017eit z n\u00ed maximum. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00edte psychicky dob\u0159e a \u017ee jste v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9m a p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Vytvo\u0159te si r\u00e1mec pro sv\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky\/z\u00e1m\u011bry\/my\u0161lenky na cestu. laskav\u00fd vesm\u00edr<\/strong>, a nikoli z vyhled\u00e1va\u010de Google. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vize na\u0161eho vnit\u0159n\u00edho j\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Halucinace jsou velmi lidskou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed - projevuj\u00ed se v nich vize na\u0161ich vnit\u0159n\u00edch tu\u017eeb, obav, z\u00e1zrak\u016f nebo t\u0159eba hloup\u00e9ho videa, kter\u00e9 jste minul\u00fd t\u00fdden sledovali na Youtube. V\u0161e v n\u00e1s ovliv\u0148uje to, co vid\u00edme a pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, kdy\u017e se pot\u00e1c\u00edme. Vstup<\/strong>, v\u00fdstup<\/strong>. Tak\u017ee i kdy\u017e halucinace um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence rozhodn\u011b nejsou ve stejn\u00e9 lize, nebo dokonce na stejn\u00e9 rovin\u011b. (alespo\u0148 zat\u00edm ne!) <\/em>je mo\u017en\u00e9 se inspirovat zp\u016fsobem, jak\u00fdm k nim p\u0159istupujeme, pokud jde o na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdpravy do sv\u011bta. psychedelick\u00e1 inteligence<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skute\u010dn\u011b \u017eijeme v budoucnosti, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed. Zrovna kdy\u017e popularita psychedelik dos\u00e1hne nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho vrcholu za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed, roboti n\u00e1s p\u0159ekonaj\u00ed. Jo, stroje maj\u00ed halucinace. D\u00e1 se ale p\u0159i halucinac\u00edch um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence naj\u00edt n\u011bco *profl\u00e1kl\u00e9ho*?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":210099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,87],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-210079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy-and-spirituality","category-pop-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210079"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210111,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079\/revisions\/210111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/210099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210079"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=210079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}