{"id":216305,"date":"2024-11-05T10:35:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T09:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=216305"},"modified":"2024-11-05T10:35:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T09:35:49","slug":"prestoze-houba-nema-mozek-dokaze-rozpoznavat-tvary-a-rozhodovat-se","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/despite-having-no-brain-this-fungus-can-recognize-shapes-make-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159esto\u017ee nem\u00e1 mozek, dok\u00e1\u017ee tato houba rozpozn\u00e1vat tvary a rozhodovat se"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mohou organismy bez mozku vykazovat zn\u00e1mky inteligence?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee ano, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohou. A op\u011bt jsou to houby, kter\u00e9 nut\u00ed v\u011bdce p\u0159ehodnotit n\u00e1zor v\u0161echno. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
nejen houba, ale i chytr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci z Tohoku University a Nagaoka College provedli v\u00fdzkum. studium<\/a> m\u011b\u0159it rozhodovac\u00ed procesy u hub a odhalit tak slo\u017eit\u00e9 a inteligentn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch vzork\u016f. Tyto p\u0159evratn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed na\u0161e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed u jednoduch\u00fdch organism\u016f.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci zkoumali obskurn\u00ed houbu, kter\u00e1 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Phanerochaete velutina, <\/em>rostlinn\u00fd patogen, kter\u00fd napad\u00e1 broskvon\u011b a nektarinky. P\u0159i pokusech zjistili, \u017ee houba dok\u00e1\u017ee nejen rozpozn\u00e1vat tvary, ale dokonce i sd\u011blovat informace o okoln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed v cel\u00e9 s\u00edti sv\u00e9ho mycelia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mycelium: Podzemn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 hub<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ne\u017e budeme pokra\u010dovat ve fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1lezech hub, trochu si osv\u011b\u017e\u00edme, co je to vlastn\u011b mycelium:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Houby rostou a rozmno\u017euj\u00ed se uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm spory<\/a>, kter\u00e9 (doufejme)<\/em> vykl\u00ed\u010d\u00ed a pod zem\u00ed se prom\u011bn\u00ed v dlouh\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1 pavou\u010d\u00ed vl\u00e1kna. To se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 mycelium<\/strong>. Kdy\u017e vid\u00edte houbu vyr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed ze zem\u011b, mo\u017en\u00e1 si neuv\u011bdomujete, \u017ee se pod n\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojen\u00e9ho mycelia. Houba je pouze \"kv\u011btem\" organismu, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edm k rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed - rozhodn\u011b to nen\u00ed cel\u00e1 houba! Pr\u00e1v\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u00e9to moudr\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b mycelia se mohou sd\u00edlet informace, podobn\u011b jako nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed v mozku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Mycelium (p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Divili byste se, \u010deho v\u0161eho jsou houby schopn\u00e9...\"<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yu Fukasawa, docent lesn\u00ed ekologie na univerzit\u011b Tohoku, ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed uvedl;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Byli byste p\u0159ekvapeni, \u010deho v\u0161eho jsou houby schopny... Maj\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165, u\u010d\u00ed se a mohou se rozhodovat. Up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, rozd\u00edly v tom, jak \u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi, jsou ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak studie fungovala?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Experimenty, podrobn\u011b popsan\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9m v \u010dasopise Ekologie hub, <\/em>prob\u00edhala takto;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fukasawa a jeho kolegov\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1dali mal\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 \u0161pal\u00edky do r\u016fzn\u00fdch tvar\u016f a \u00fatvar\u016f a nechali s\u00ed\u0165  P. veluntina <\/em>mycelium (kter\u00fd r\u00e1d chroupe d\u0159evo) <\/em>se nasyt\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tady se dostala opravdu <\/em>zaj\u00edmav\u00e9... V\u011bdci si v\u0161imli, \u017ee mycelium se z\u0159ejm\u011b c\u00edlen\u011b rozhoduje podle toho, jak jsou d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 bloky uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny. Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e aby se prost\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo z centr\u00e1ln\u00edho bodu bez ohledu na polohu d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f, sledovalo jejich formov\u00e1n\u00ed a.. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee to nazna\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 inteligence a rozhodovac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Houba dok\u00e1zala rozpoznat tvary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci si v\u0161imli, \u017ee houba z\u0159ejm\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpoznat tvary. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e byly bloky uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, mycelium rozpoznalo, kde jsou krajn\u00ed bloky, a zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sd\u011blilo zbytku sv\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. M\u00edra propojen\u00ed byla u t\u011bchto krajn\u00edch blok\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, co\u017e vedlo v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky k hypot\u00e9ze, \u017ee tyto bloky slou\u017eily jako \"p\u0159edsunut\u00e9 stanovi\u0161t\u011b\" myceliov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed potravn\u00edch v\u00fdprav, proto\u017ee ty by pot\u0159ebovaly hust\u0161\u00ed propojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e pak byly bloky uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1ny do kruhu, mycelium se nesna\u017eilo pror\u016fst do st\u0159edu, co\u017e nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee zjistilo, \u017ee tam nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 bloky k j\u00eddlu. Nav\u00edc stupe\u0148 propojen\u00ed byl u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho bloku stejn\u00fd, proto\u017ee bloky byly od st\u0159edu vzd\u00e1leny stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zek s laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm Yu Fukasawa a kol.<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee houbov\u00e9 mycelium dok\u00e1\u017ee v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti p\u0159i rozkladu d\u0159eva 'rozpoznat' rozd\u00edly v prostorov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch blok\u016f,\".<\/em> napsali v\u011bdci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak n\u00e1m houby pom\u00e1haj\u00ed porozum\u011bt sv\u011btu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci doufaj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich v\u00fdsledky by mohly v\u00e9st k pokroku v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech. Pat\u0159\u00ed sem i studium dal\u0161\u00edch mikroskopick\u00fdch organism\u016f, jako jsou slizov\u00e9 pl\u00edsn\u011b. (kter\u00e9 podobn\u011b vykazuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 inteligence), <\/em>k biologick\u00fdm po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016fm, kter\u00e9 jsou nap\u00e1jeny organoidn\u00ed kultury mozku<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodali;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Funk\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdznam houbov\u00e9ho mycelia m\u016f\u017ee poskytnout poznatky pro studium primitivn\u00ed inteligence organism\u016f bez mozku, pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch dopad\u016f a v\u00fdvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f na biologick\u00e9 b\u00e1zi.\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je na\u0161e pozn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta hub pom\u011brn\u011b omezen\u00e9 a ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pozn\u00e1n\u00edm rostlin a \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f je pro n\u00e1s z\u00e1hadou. V\u00fdzkum, jako je tento, by n\u00e1m mohl pomoci odhalit velk\u00e9 nezn\u00e1m\u00e9, nap\u0159\u00edklad jak se u organism\u016f vyvinulo v\u011bdom\u00ed a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Je toho tolik, co o vesm\u00edru nev\u00edme, a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee houby by n\u00e1m mohly pomoci v na\u0161em hled\u00e1n\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Greg Rakozy on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japon\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci u\u010dinili p\u0159i studiu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 houby docela zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed objev. P\u0159esto\u017ee houba nem\u00e1 mozek, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee vykazuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 formy inteligence, jako je rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, pam\u011b\u0165 a u\u010den\u00ed. Ne, tohle nen\u00ed z\u00e1pletka nov\u00e9ho sci-fi filmu! \u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1l a dozv\u00edte se v\u00edc...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":216441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-216305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy-and-spirituality","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=216305"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":216322,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305\/revisions\/216322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=216305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=216305"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=216305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}