{"id":22721,"date":"2021-06-29T07:38:38","date_gmt":"2021-06-29T07:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=18660"},"modified":"2023-05-11T09:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T07:00:16","slug":"mohou-houby-zachranit-zivotni-prostredi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/can-mushrooms-save-the-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"Mohou houby zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zm\u011bna klimatu, lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1ry, stoupaj\u00edc\u00ed hladina mo\u0159\u00ed a pandemie - to v\u0161e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed nenasytnou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed touhu vyr\u00e1b\u011bt, produkovat a expandovat. \u010casto se bez rozmyslu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 procesy. Zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed a toxick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly se pak ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed zp\u011bt do Zem\u011b a d\u00e1le ji znesv\u011bcuj\u00ed. S rostouc\u00edm po\u010dtem obyvatel si m\u016f\u017eeme p\u0159ipadat, jako bychom se ocitli v no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016f\u0159e, kdy po nabyt\u00ed n\u00e1sleduje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u00e9 vyhozen\u00ed. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Z knihy 'Fantastick\u00e9 houby'<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mus\u00ed existovat jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob... <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tam mus\u00ed<\/strong> b\u00fdt...<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Houby. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohou houby zachr\u00e1nit \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ano - houby, houbi\u010dky, houbi\u010dky, a\u0165 u\u017e jim \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te jakkoli, op\u011bt by mohly b\u00fdt odpov\u011bd\u00ed. O jejich potenci\u00e1lu jsme psali ji\u017e l\u00e9\u010dba du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed<\/a>, posiluj\u00edc\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, boj proti rakovin\u011b<\/a> a dokonce i jako m\u00f3dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>! Nyn\u00ed je v\u0161ak \u010das pod\u00edvat se na na\u0161e houbov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e vnit\u0159n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. Dok\u00e1\u017eeme otev\u0159\u00edt svou mysl a vid\u011bt jejich potenci\u00e1l pro z\u00e1chranu na\u0161eho sv\u011bta i na\u0161\u00ed mysli? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V minulosti byly houby v\u011bdci zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edmi se rostlinami a \u017eivo\u010dichy p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eeny, proto\u017ee se nach\u00e1zely n\u011bkde uprost\u0159ed rodokmenu a byly spojov\u00e1ny se smrt\u00ed, rozkladem a nemocemi. Ironi\u00ed je, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 organismy by mohly b\u00fdt vhodn\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty na l\u00e9\u010dbu smrti, ch\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed a nemoc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lidskost<\/em> p\u0159inesl na Zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co je mykoremediace?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se proces tzv. Mykoremediace<\/em> by mohl zm\u011bnit pravidla hry. Mykoremediace<\/em> je typ bioremediace<\/a> proces, kter\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 houby k dekontaminaci zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Takov\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm je obvykle p\u016fda, vodn\u00ed toky nebo jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed lokality, kter\u00e9 byly po\u0161kozeny kontaminanty, jako jsou ropn\u00e1 paliva, ropn\u00e9 skvrny, pesticidy, herbicidy, l\u00e9\u010diva, barviva a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovy,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Lorax od Dr. Seusse p\u0159i sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zast\u00e1nc\u016f mykoremediace je n\u00e1\u0161 obl\u00edben\u00fd mykolog Paul Stamets. Stejn\u011b jako Lorax, kter\u00fd \"mluv\u00ed za stromy, proto\u017ee stromy nemaj\u00ed jazyky\", <\/em>Stamets se stal jak\u00fdmsi houba\u0159sk\u00fdm mluv\u010d\u00edm. A d\u00edky bohu, proto\u017ee se zd\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1s houbov\u00e1 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e m\u00e1 co nau\u010dit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 doma<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stamets praktikoval mykoremediaci d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se o n\u00ed za\u010dalo mluvit. V roce 1984 si s pomoc\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dek od p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch koupil farmu o rozloze 20 akr\u016f. Na farm\u011b byly kr\u00e1vy, rozpadaj\u00edc\u00ed se statek a n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Po n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edho \u0161erifa v\u0161ak Stamets brzy zjistil, \u017ee na n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 voda. E. coli <\/em>z m\u00edstn\u00edch odpadn\u00edch vod a bylo jeho <\/em>odpov\u011bdnost za n\u00e1pravu instalac\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho septick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Stamets, kter\u00fd je\u0161t\u011b nebyl tak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm podnikatelem jako dnes, si to nemohl dovolit. Hledal alternativy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed m\u011bl d\u00edky let\u016fm str\u00e1ven\u00fdm studiem hub n\u011bkolik n\u00e1pad\u016f. V\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee mycelia hub (chom\u00e1\u010dovit\u00e1 ko\u0159enov\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 pod zem\u00ed)<\/em> uvol\u0148uje antibakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1tky. On tak\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed na <\/em>\u017ee by toto chundelat\u00e9 mycelium mohlo fungovat jako filtr, kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na jeho mikroskopickou strukturu. Rozhodl se tedy svou teorii vyzkou\u0161et.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Paul Stamets<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Na vrchol ba\u017einat\u00e9 p\u016fdy u pozemku Stamets vysypal n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auto d\u0159evn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpky, kterou napustil substr\u00e1tem s myceliem. (nebo spawn).<\/em> B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f mycelium oblast d\u016fkladn\u011b kolonizovalo. Brzy byl z\u00e1hon pln\u00fd jedl\u00fdch hub. Rok po prvn\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u0161erifa se Stamets dozv\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee jeho septik ji\u017e nezp\u016fsobuje zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Hladina \u0161kodliv\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed byla nam\u011b\u0159ena stokr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1998 Stamets pom\u00e1hal ministerstvu st\u00e1tu Washington dekontaminovat p\u016fdu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bnou naftou pomoc\u00ed sv\u00fdch myceliovan\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bpk\u016f. Brzy pot\u00e9 pom\u00e1hal Agentu\u0159e pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ei v boji proti \u00fanik\u016fm ropy z vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f pomoc\u00ed hl\u00edvy \u00fast\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9. Stametovy metody byly \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzdraven\u00ed komunity<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2017 po ni\u010div\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rech v severn\u00ed Kalifornii z\u016fstala rekordn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a vysoce toxick\u00fd popel, kter\u00fd mohl kontaminovat pitnou vodu 700 000 m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel. Rada slo\u017een\u00e1 z ekolog\u016f, sana\u010dn\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f a m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel se rozhodla vy\u0159e\u0161it to pomoc\u00ed hub. A tak The Fire Remediation Action Coalition um\u00edstila pod\u00e9l svah\u016f, silnic a parkovi\u0161\u0165 40 mil trubek napln\u011bn\u00fdch sl\u00e1mou, kter\u00e1 byla nao\u010dkov\u00e1na hl\u00edvou \u00fast\u0159i\u010dnou. Kontaminovan\u00e1 voda byla trubkami odv\u00e1d\u011bna a n\u00e1sledn\u011b \"\u010di\u0161t\u011bna\" myceliem. Existuje mnoho podobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, kdy se komunity spojily, aby houbami ozdravily sv\u00e9 domovy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ni\u010div\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry v Kalifornii v roce 2017 <\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee navzdory d\u016fkaz\u016fm je na n\u011b m\u00e1lo finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. Mnoh\u00e9 st\u00e1tem financovan\u00e9 sanace maj\u00ed limit, jak dlouho m\u016f\u017ee kontaminant na m\u00edst\u011b z\u016fstat - co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee o n\u011bco pomalej\u0161\u00ed procesy (podobn\u011b jako houbov\u00e1 metoda)<\/em> jsou z\u0159\u00eddkakdy br\u00e1ny v \u00favahu. Bohu\u017eel \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je metoda \"se\u0161kr\u00e1bni a spal\", kdy se zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 plocha rozkope a vyp\u00e1l\u00ed, co\u017e \u010dasto zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161kody na ter\u00e9nu. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b proveden\u00e1 mykoremediace obnovuje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nav\u00edc je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak to ale houby d\u011blaj\u00ed? <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Houby tr\u00e1v\u00ed svou potravu zevn\u011b pomoc\u00ed siln\u00fdch enzym\u016f. Tyto enzymy jsou nespecifick\u00e9 - to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se\u017eerou cokoli. <\/em>Plasty, paracetamol, v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 bakterie \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 p\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u00ed bioremediaci nedok\u00e1\u017eou. Mykolog Peter McCoy uv\u00e1d\u00ed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Jsou to takov\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozklada\u010di p\u0159\u00edrody, rozklada\u010di, mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e bakterie, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a rostliny. Rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u0161echny mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bci.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Mykoremediace<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u00fanikem ropy v ekv\u00e1dorsk\u00e9 Amazonii... a vypad\u00e1 to slibn\u011b. Houby n\u00e1s mohou hodn\u011b nau\u010dit o tom, jak pe\u010dovat o n\u00e1\u0161 domov. Udr\u017euj\u00ed \"s ohledem na dlouhodob\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed hostitelsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\"<\/em> podle Paula Stametse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A, tak\u00e9<\/em> podle pana Stametse jsou to v\u0161echno v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee mykroremediace lidstvu pomoci vy\u0159e\u0161it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mycelia hub by mohla detoxikovat splachy z de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 kanalizace, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f nebo t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch cest. Mohou b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k filtraci dusi\u010dnan\u016f, zbytk\u016f l\u00e9\u010div a endokrinn\u00edch disruptor\u016f, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Filtrace odpadn\u00edch vod<\/em> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Houby by mohly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity k absorpci radiace nebo k rozkladu petrochemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek z kontaminovan\u00e9 p\u016fdy a vody.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pesticidy<\/em><\/strong> <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Houby hub\u00edc\u00ed hmyz by mohly b\u00fdt pou\u017eity k huben\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch druh\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 by mohly z\u016fstat bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pro ostatn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9ky <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Houby by mohly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity k v\u00fdrob\u011b nov\u00fdch antivirov\u00fdch a antibiotick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek a l\u00e1tek posiluj\u00edc\u00edch imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Mo\u017en\u00e9 jsou i chemoterapeutika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed mykorhizn\u00edch hub (kategorie hub, kter\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch hyf vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed symbiotick\u00fd vztah s ko\u0159eny rostlin). <\/em> do p\u016fdy by mohly zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdnosy plodin nam\u00edsto toxick\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch hnojiv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lesnictv\u00ed<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdsadba symbiotick\u00fdch druh\u016f hub v les\u00edch by mohla urychlit zales\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vyk\u00e1cen\u00fdch ploch. (zcela odstran\u011bno)<\/em> lesy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomoc p\u0159i hladomoru <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pouze pomoc\u00ed sl\u00e1my nebo d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch \u0161t\u011bpk\u016f namo\u010den\u00fdch ve slan\u00e9 vod\u011b by se mohly houby pro potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely p\u011bstovat vysokou rychlost\u00ed v uprchlick\u00fdch t\u00e1borech a oblastech posti\u017een\u00fdch katastrofami. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Biopaliva<\/em><\/strong> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed hub na bionaftu by vy\u017eadovalo mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fdy, p\u016fdy a dal\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f ne\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u011bstovan\u00e9 palivov\u00e9 plodiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do vesm\u00edru (!)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vzhledem k jejich schopnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u016fdu a skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee mnoho druh\u016f hub sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed radiaci. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by je teoreticky mohli p\u011bstovat mezihv\u011bzdn\u00ed cestovatel\u00e9 a pou\u017e\u00edvat je k terraformaci. (u\u010dinit obyvateln\u00fdm pro lidi)<\/em> jin\u00e9 planety. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Z knihy Phyllis Ma 'Houby a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9'<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dost \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9, co? Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee houby by opravdu mohly zachr\u00e1nit sv\u011bt, kdybychom jim dali \u0161anci...<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nen\u00ed to poprv\u00e9, co sly\u0161\u00edte, \u017ee se Zem\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed v krizov\u00e9m bod\u011b. Pro mnoh\u00e9 z n\u00e1s to plat\u00ed u\u017e tak dlouho, jak si jen pamatujeme. Pokud bychom celou existenci sv\u011bta p\u0159irovnali ke kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00edmu roku, lid\u00e9 za posledn\u00ed dv\u011b vte\u0159iny spot\u0159ebovali \u2153 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. A to jsme tu teprve 23 minut. \u0158ekl bych, \u017ee na povrchu mati\u010dky Zem\u011b jsou to docela nekvalitn\u00ed host\u00e9. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":22537,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-22721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22721","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22721"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22721\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123629,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22721\/revisions\/123629"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22537"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22721"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22721"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22721"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=22721"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}