{"id":57080,"date":"2022-04-27T22:28:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T20:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=57080"},"modified":"2023-11-12T11:32:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-12T10:32:32","slug":"10-nejsmrtelnejsich-hub-na-planete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/top-10-deadliest-mushrooms-on-the-planet\/","title":{"rendered":"10 nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hub na planet\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rady dostanou za\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edci bez ohledu na to, ke kter\u00e9mu mykologovi, houba\u0159i nebo houba\u0159i se obr\u00e1t\u00edte. Pozitivn\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed houby v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skli\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed: ne v\u017edy je to proch\u00e1zka r\u016f\u017eov\u00fdm sadem. <em>(nebo les!?)<\/em>. Odborn\u00edci na houby eviduj\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 14 000 r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f hub, kter\u00e9 jsou rozd\u011bleny do n\u011bkolika r\u016fzn\u00fdch rod\u016f. <em>(mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo pro \"rod\")<\/em>. Rod hub obvykle zahrnuje jak jedl\u00e9, tak nejedl\u00e9 druhy. Bohu\u017eel \u0159ada z nich je od sebe na prvn\u00ed pohled t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nerozeznateln\u00e1. Jak rozpozn\u00e1te houby, kter\u00e9 se daj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b j\u00edst, od t\u011bch smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch, na kter\u00e9 naraz\u00edte, kdy\u017e rostou ve vlhk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b?<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-to-spot-a-deadly-mushroom\"><strong>Jak rozpoznat smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dnou houbu<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Pokud naraz\u00edte na zaj\u00edmavou houbu, existuje n\u011bkolik rozpozn\u00e1vac\u00edch znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1m usnadn\u00ed ur\u010dit, zda je bezpe\u010dn\u00e1, nebo pln\u00e1 jedu. Tento postup jsme podrobn\u011b popsali v na\u0161em praktick\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/pruvodce-lovce-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>pr\u016fvodce lovce kouzeln\u00fdch hub<\/b><\/a>. Hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku si v\u0161imnete, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina jedl\u00fdch druh\u016f, jako nap\u0159. <em>Psilocybe cubensis,<\/em> alias \"magick\u00e9 houby\", nevykazuj\u00ed navenek superdefinitivn\u00ed vlastnosti. Na <em>nejedl\u00e9<\/em>na druhou stranu maj\u00ed \u010dasto rysy, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00edm tvor\u016fm napov\u00eddaj\u00ed, aby je nechali na pokoji. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto fyzick\u00fdch znak\u016f jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0159\u00edtomnost b\u00edl\u00fdch \u017e\u00e1ber \u010dasto signalizuje, \u017ee houba je jedovat\u00e1. Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed pro houby s krou\u017ekovan\u00fdmi stonky a houby se \"z\u00e1vojem\".<em> (alias volva)<\/em> zahaluj\u00edc\u00ed jeho plodenstv\u00ed. N\u011bkdy je plodnice skryta pod p\u016fdou, tak\u017ee je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 prohrabat se kolem b\u00e1ze houby, abyste ji spat\u0159ili.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fly-agaric-amanita-muscaria-1.jpg\" alt=\"muchom\u016frka Amanita muscaria\" class=\"wp-image-161603\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fly-agaric-amanita-muscaria-1.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fly-agaric-amanita-muscaria-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fly-agaric-amanita-muscaria-1-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fly-agaric-amanita-muscaria-1-600x399.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">p\u0159es Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jasn\u011b \u010derven\u00e9 klobou\u010dky nebo stonky hub mohou znamenat jed nebo halucinogeny uvnit\u0159. Na<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_muscaria\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">muchom\u016frka zelen\u00e1<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_muscaria\">m<\/a> <em>(Amanita muscaria)<\/em> signalizuje oboj\u00ed, ale \u0161amansk\u00e9 kultury ji konzumuj\u00ed ji\u017e tis\u00edce let. Tito lid\u00e9 hledaj\u00edc\u00ed vize <em>Amanita<\/em> mezi jedl\u00edky pat\u0159\u00ed sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 kmeny, japonsk\u00e9 vesnice a starov\u011bc\u00ed Vikingov\u00e9.<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/brali-vikingsti-valecnici-v-bitve-kouzelne-houby\/\">bojovn\u00edci<\/a><\/strong> jako v <em>Seve\u0159an<\/em>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b jen p\u00e1r tip\u016f, kter\u00e9 by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako pob\u00eddka k tomu, abyste houby sb\u00edrali na vlastn\u00ed p\u011bst. V\u011bd\u011bt v\u0161ak, kter\u00e9 druhy jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, je v\u017edy dobr\u00e9 vz\u00edt si s sebou na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdpravu.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/9-20-dni-v-zivote-kouzelne-houby\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">obdob\u00ed sklizn\u011b<\/a>. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Proto jsme pro v\u00e1s sestavili seznam 10 nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hub na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fdm byste se m\u011bli v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b setk\u00e1n\u00ed s nimi za ka\u017edou cenu vyhnout. Od nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch druh\u016f hub a\u017e po klamav\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 houby. <em>And\u011bl\u00e9 <\/em>jist\u00e9 smrti...<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-10-gyromitra-esculenta-false-morel\"><strong>10. Gyromitra Esculenta <em>(False Morel)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.allrecipes.com\/article\/what-are-morel-mushrooms\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Morely<\/a><\/strong>, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o <em>true<\/em> jsou velmi obl\u00edben\u00e9 pro svou chu\u0165 a cen\u011bn\u00e9 jako jedl\u00e1 houbov\u00e1 pochoutka. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/False_morel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fale\u0161n\u00e9 smr\u017ee<\/a><\/strong>na druhou stranu obsahuj\u00ed jed a je t\u0159eba se jim vyhnout jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pochoutce. A\u010dkoli jeho druhov\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <em>\"esculenta\"<\/em> znamen\u00e1 latinsky \"lahodn\u00fd\", <em>Gyromitra esculenta<\/em> by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za potraviny. V Severn\u00ed Americe se vyskytuje asi osm a\u017e deset druh\u016f brukvovit\u00fdch. <em>Gyromitra<\/em>, v Evrop\u011b dva nebo t\u0159i druhy.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"412\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gyromitra_esculenta-_The_False_Morel_32391377070.jpg\" alt=\"Gyromitra Esculenta (neprav\u00fd smr\u017e)\" class=\"wp-image-161606\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gyromitra_esculenta-_The_False_Morel_32391377070.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gyromitra_esculenta-_The_False_Morel_32391377070-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gyromitra_esculenta-_The_False_Morel_32391377070-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Gyromitra_esculenta-_The_False_Morel_32391377070-600x386.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Wikipedie Commons <\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Fale\u0161n\u00fd smr\u017e je navzdory v\u011bdeck\u00fdm doporu\u010den\u00edm \u010dasto vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n evropsk\u00fdmi gurm\u00e1ny. Bohu\u017eel tento druh gastronomick\u00e9 kuriozity m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed asi 2 a\u017e 4 procenta v\u0161ech smrteln\u00fdch \u00faraz\u016f zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch houbami. Pt\u00e1te se na chemick\u00e9ho vin\u00edka? Gyromitrin, slou\u010denina, kter\u00e1 se v lidsk\u00e9m t\u011ble m\u011bn\u00ed na monometylhydrazin. <em>To je dost velk\u00e9 sousto, co? <\/em>A m\u00e1 stejnou chemickou strukturu jako raketov\u00e9 palivo. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkter\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9 podm\u00ednky va\u0159en\u00ed mohou pomoci \"extrahovat\" tuto chemickou l\u00e1tku, konzumace neprav\u00e9ho smr\u017ee za syrova v\u00e1m zcela jist\u011b otr\u00e1v\u00ed st\u0159eva.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1bavn\u00fd fakt! V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee spa\u0159en\u00ed neprav\u00e9ho smr\u017ee zp\u016fsob\u00ed \u010dokol\u00e1dov\u00fd z\u00e1pach? To je zp\u016fsobeno t\u00edm, \u017ee se spolu s jedem vypa\u0159uje gyromitrin. Syrov\u00fd smr\u017e se va\u0159\u00ed t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a poka\u017ed\u00e9 se n\u00e1doba vym\u011bn\u00ed za \u010distou vodu. I tak ale mohou jeho v\u00fdpary s v\u016fn\u00ed Cadbury zp\u016fsobit onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Va\u0159en\u00ed je tak\u00e9 z\u0159\u00eddkakdy spolehliv\u00e9; ve va\u0159en\u00e9 houb\u011b mohou z\u016fstat stopy jedu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d si nedop\u0159\u00e1t&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/jak-vyrobit-cokoladove-houby\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kouzeln\u00e9 lan\u00fd\u017ee v \u010dokol\u00e1d\u011b<\/a><b>,<\/b> m\u00edsto toho?<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-9-podostroma-cornu-damae-poison-fire-coral-nbsp\"><strong>9. Podostroma Cornu-damae <em>(Jedovat\u00fd ohniv\u00fd kor\u00e1l)&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Amat\u00e9r\u0161t\u00ed houba\u0159i, nebo alespo\u0148 ti, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e n\u011bkdy houby sb\u00edrali, v\u011bd\u00ed, \u017ee je po\u0161etil\u00e9 j\u00edst divok\u00e9 houby, ani\u017e by si nejprve ov\u011b\u0159ili, zda nejsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Existuje v\u0161ak druh houby, kter\u00fd je \u00fadajn\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fd i pro <em>dotyk<\/em>: <em>Podostroma cornu-damae<\/em>, tak\u00e9 tzv. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Podostroma_cornu-damae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jedovat\u00fd ohniv\u00fd kor\u00e1l<\/a><\/strong>. Jed poch\u00e1z\u00ed z trichothecenov\u00fdch mykotoxin\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou po vst\u0159eb\u00e1n\u00ed do ko\u017en\u00edch p\u00f3r\u016f vyvolat otok a podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"857\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae.jpg\" alt=\"Podostroma Cornu-damae (Kor\u00e1lovec jedovat\u00fd)\u00a0\" class=\"wp-image-161609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae.jpg 857w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae-768x421.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Podostroma_cornu-damae-600x329.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 857px) 100vw, 857px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Podostroma cornu-damae neboli jedovat\u00e1 kor\u00e1lovka ohniv\u00e1. (Foto p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Pokud se v\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt jej\u00ed dotek jen d\u00edky \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, konzumace plod\u016f jedovat\u00e9 ohniv\u00e9 kor\u00e1lovky je zaru\u010denou cestou na pohotovost. Ob\u011bti hl\u00e1s\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky, jako je odlupov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, vypad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vlas\u016f v chuchvalc\u00edch, t\u0159esav\u00e9 pohyby a nez\u0159eteln\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d, scvrknut\u00ed moze\u010dku a drastick\u00fd pokles po\u010dtu b\u00edl\u00fdch krvinek a krevn\u00edch desti\u010dek. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nel\u00e9\u010den\u00ed mohou toxiny jedovat\u00e9ho ohniv\u00e9ho kor\u00e1lu zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee va\u0161e org\u00e1ny p\u0159estanou fungovat, co\u017e vede k nekr\u00f3ze a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 smrti.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edznaky se neprojevuj\u00ed v\u017edy ve stejnou dobu. \u010clov\u011bk, kter\u00fd zrovna nejedl <em>Podostroma<\/em>, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ji pil jako \u010daj, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edznaky i po mnoha t\u00fddnech. V\u011bt\u0161ina <em>\"jedovat\u00fd pouze na pap\u00ed\u0159e\"<\/em> houby nemus\u00ed v\u017edy zp\u016fsobit smrt, tak\u017ee za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed sb\u011bra\u010di nemus\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1vat smrtku, pokud n\u011bjakou omylem sn\u011bd\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b! <em>Podostroma cornu-damae<\/em>je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd i sv\u00fdm vzhledem, proto\u017ee vypad\u00e1 jako jedl\u00e1 houba. Jedovat\u00fd kor\u00e1lovec ohniv\u00fd se podob\u00e1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/upozorneni-na-houbu-cordyceps\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Cordyceps<\/b><\/a>&nbsp;a <em>Ganoderma lucidum<\/em>, kter\u00e9 jsou v tradi\u010dn\u00edch l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00fdch kruz\u00edch z\u00e1kladem.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Jedovat\u00e9 ohniv\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly lze spat\u0159it ve vlhk\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch les\u00edch australsk\u00e9ho Queenslandu, kde se tomuto druhu da\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e des\u00edtky let.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-8-pholiotina-rugosa-conocybe-filaris\"><strong>8. Pholiotina rugosa <em>(Conocybe Filaris)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod mlad\u0161\u00edm synonymem <em>Conocybe filaris<\/em>, houba <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pholiotina_rugosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pholiotina rugosa<\/a><\/em><\/strong> je naprosto jedovat\u00e1 pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo se ji odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed konzumovat. Bylo prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee je pln\u00e1 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amatoxin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">amatoxiny<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00e9 po\u0161kozuj\u00ed j\u00e1tra a jsou hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00famrt\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch otravami. <em>Amanita<\/em> a <em>Lepiota<\/em> houby. Vzhledem k n\u00e1padn\u00e9 podobnosti s houbami. <em>Psilocybe<\/em>pileus <em>(neboli jeho \"\u010depice\")<\/em>, <em>Conocybe<\/em> je nezasv\u011bcen\u00fdmi zam\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1na za magick\u00e9 houby.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"426\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conocybe_rugosa_.jpeg\" alt=\"Pholiotina rugosa (Conocybe filaris)\" class=\"wp-image-161612\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conocybe_rugosa_.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conocybe_rugosa_-300x180.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conocybe_rugosa_-18x12.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Conocybe_rugosa_-600x361.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><em>Pholiotina rugosa<\/em>, zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jako <em>Conocybe Filaris<\/em>. <\/mark><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">(Foto p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>A\u017e do roku 2013, kdy se molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Phylogenetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fylogenetika<\/a><\/strong> studie vylou\u010dila houbu jako sou\u010d\u00e1st <em>Pholiotina<\/em> rodu, byl za\u0159azen do <em>Conocybe<\/em>. To vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch ter\u00e9nn\u00edch pr\u016fvodc\u016f pro sb\u011bra\u010de uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako <em>Conocybe<\/em> a ne podle jeho skute\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu. A\u0165 tak \u010di onak! Stejn\u011b jako v\u011bt\u0161ina hub na planet\u011b, <em>Conocybe<\/em> roste na vlhk\u00e9, \u00farodn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b a hnoji.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-7-pleurocybella-porrigens-angel-wings\"><strong>7. Pleurocybella Porrigens <em>(And\u011blsk\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Podle legendy se \u010f\u00e1bel nezjevuje jako odporn\u00fd chrli\u010d s netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edmi k\u0159\u00eddly a rozv\u011btven\u00fdm ocasem, ale jako mil\u00fd, ne\u0161kodn\u00fd and\u011bl sv\u011btla. Tady je dokonal\u00e1 obdoba t\u00e9to prastar\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy: houba Pleurocybella porrigens, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako And\u011blsk\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"519\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-1024x519.jpeg\" alt=\"Pleurocybella Porrigens (And\u011blsk\u00e1 k\u0159\u00eddla)\" class=\"wp-image-161615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-1024x519.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-300x152.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-768x389.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_-600x304.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Angels_Wings_.jpeg 1267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pleurocybella Porrigens neboli houby s and\u011blsk\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly (Foto: Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Na podzim roku 2004 59 osob \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v 9 prefektur\u00e1ch Japonska. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/24255506_Acute_encephalopathy_caused_by_cyanogenic_fungi_in_2004_and_magic_mushroom_regulation_in_Japan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">onemocn\u011bl<\/a><\/strong> z j\u00eddla <em>Pleurocybella porrigens<\/em>. Jedn\u00edm z \u00fa\u010dink\u016f byla akutn\u00ed <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/brain\/what-is-encephalopathy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">encefalopatie<\/a><\/strong> z toho 17 lid\u00ed zem\u0159elo. Ob\u011bti byly v\u011bt\u0161inou ve v\u011bku 70 let a m\u011bly oslaben\u00e9 ledviny. V dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v Japonsku, tentokr\u00e1t v roce 2009, zem\u0159el na tuto houbu tak\u00e9 65let\u00fd mu\u017e na hemodial\u00fdze. Odborn\u00edci pouk\u00e1zali na nestabiln\u00ed aminokyselinu v And\u011blsk\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddlech, tzv. <em>Pleurocybella Aziridine<\/em> jako p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu t\u011bchto \u00famrt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>V\u011b\u0159te nebo ne, ale houby Angel Wings jsou v Japonsku st\u00e1le obl\u00edbenou pochoutkou. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim <em>Sugihiratake<\/em> podle m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel houby dos\u00e1hly nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00farody v roce 2004 po siln\u00fdch de\u0161t\u00edch. Bylo jich v\u00edc ne\u017e dost - nebo si to alespo\u0148 vesni\u010dan\u00e9 mysleli.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Za 13 a\u017e 18 dn\u00ed se p\u0159\u00edznaky objevily u t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed konzumovali houby Angel Wings. Za\u010d\u00ednalo to jako tich\u00fd t\u0159es, slab\u00e9 prsty na rukou a nohou, n\u00e1sledovaly \"k\u0159e\u010de mysli\" a z\u00e1chvaty. B\u011bhem toho v\u0161eho by byla p\u0159\u00edtomna prudk\u00e1 hore\u010dka. Po t\u0159ech a\u017e osmi dnech by se na sn\u00edmc\u00edch mozku objevily rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 l\u00e9ze v mozku. Ob\u011bti um\u00edraly 10 dn\u00ed po za\u010d\u00e1tku prvn\u00edho z\u00e1chvatu.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Stoj\u00ed v\u0161ak za zm\u00ednku, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina, ne-li v\u0161echny <em>Pleurocybella<\/em>m\u011bly ob\u011bti po\u0161kozen\u00e9 ledviny. Takov\u00fd stav by zna\u010dn\u011b omezil p\u0159irozenou schopnost t\u011bla odplavovat toxiny. Tak\u017ee! Po p\u0159e\u010dten\u00ed toho v\u0161eho, riskovali byste je\u0161t\u011b <em>nebesk\u00fd<\/em> kousnout?&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-6-galerina-marginata-autumn-skullcap\"><strong>6. Galerina Marginata <em>(Podzimn\u00ed lebeda)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p><em>Poh\u0159ebn\u00ed zvon. Smrt\u00edc\u00ed galerina. Podzimn\u00ed lebkovec.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Jako ver\u0161e v gotick\u00e9 mant\u0159e zn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 z drsn\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f mal\u00e9 hn\u011bd\u00e9 houby galeriny, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bdecky zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod n\u00e1zvem <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galerina_marginata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Galerina marginata<\/a><\/em><\/strong>. Stejn\u011b jako jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1, zlovoln\u00e1 houba smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice, je i Galerinin jed amanitin. Jedin\u00e9 kousnut\u00ed jesenick\u00e9 lebedy zanech\u00e1 na org\u00e1nech ob\u011bti trval\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky. V\u011bdci ozna\u010dili 12 <em>Galerina<\/em> houby, a\u010dkoli jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed smrteln\u00e1 d\u00e1vka. Docela p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9 u houby s jedn\u00edm z nejmen\u0161\u00edch klobou\u010dk\u016f v\u016fbec: jen 1 a\u017e 2,5 cm \u0161irok\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_.jpg\" alt=\"Galerina Marginata (podzimn\u00ed lebeda)\" class=\"wp-image-161618\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-600x343.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><em>Galerina Marginata<\/em>nebo podzimn\u00ed lebeda. <em>(Foto p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i bli\u017e\u0161\u00edm pohledu si v\u0161imnete \u017elut\u00fdch \u017eaber, kter\u00e9 vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00ed z t\u011bla. <em>Galerina<\/em>'stonku. Na stonku jsou tak\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 krou\u017eky a drobn\u00e9 \"chloupky\". Ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky pro lesklokorku podzimn\u00ed jsou na vlhk\u00e9m d\u0159ev\u011b, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee velmi dob\u0159e hostit jej\u00ed hust\u00e9 b\u00edl\u00e9 mycelium. Stejn\u011b jako jeho plodnice, i <em>Galerina<\/em>je hn\u011bd\u00fd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Pokud j\u00edte poh\u0159ebn\u00ed zvon, nedivte se, \u017ee pro v\u00e1s m\u00e1 cenu. N\u011bkolik minut pot\u00e9, co se dostane do va\u0161eho t\u011bla, za\u010dne jed amanitin ni\u010dit va\u0161e j\u00e1tra. O 8 a\u017e 24 hodin pozd\u011bji se dostav\u00ed nevolnost ve vln\u00e1ch, n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 siln\u00fdm zvracen\u00edm a pr\u016fjmem. To samo o sob\u011b vy\u010derp\u00e1 va\u0161e t\u011blo z vody a miner\u00e1l\u016f. Pokud se v\u00e1m v\u0161ak poda\u0159\u00ed toto v\u0161echno p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, podzimn\u00ed lebeda to po n\u011bkolika dnech zpe\u010det\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee zcela odstav\u00ed va\u0161e j\u00e1tra nebo ledviny.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-5-lepiota-brunneoincarnata-deadly-dapperling\"><strong>5. Lepiota Brunneoincarnata <em>(Deadly Dapperling)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Jednou ze smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e1 roste t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude od m\u00edrn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma Asie v\u010detn\u011b \u010c\u00edny a\u017e po travnat\u00e9 oblasti v Evrop\u011b, je. <em>Lepiota brunneoincarnata<\/em>, jinak zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lepiota_brunneoincarnata\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u0161vih\u00e1k<\/a><\/strong>. Kv\u016fli hn\u011bd\u00e9mu \u0161upinat\u00e9mu klobouku s hn\u011bdor\u016f\u017eov\u00fdm stonkem a b\u00edl\u00fdmi \u017e\u00e1brami si nepozorn\u00ed lid\u00e9 smrteln\u011b jedlou \u0161upinatku pletou s jedl\u00fdmi houbami. Nepom\u00e1h\u00e1 ani to, \u017ee smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00fd \u0161vih\u00e1k prost\u011b zbo\u017e\u0148uje v\u0161echny travnat\u00e9 plochy: nap\u0159\u00edklad parky, zahrady a pole. To v\u0161e jsou m\u00edsta, kde na n\u011b lid\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u011b naraz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"564\" height=\"308\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lepiota_clypeolaria_.jpeg\" alt=\"Lepiota Brunneoincarnata (Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u0161vih\u00e1k)\" class=\"wp-image-161619\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lepiota_clypeolaria_.jpeg 564w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lepiota_clypeolaria_-300x164.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Lepiota_clypeolaria_-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Lepiota Brunneoincarnata (Deadly Dapperling) via Wikipedia Commons <\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch podobn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00edch hub, jako je nap\u0159. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildfooduk.com\/mushroom-guide\/fairy-ring-champignons\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>poh\u00e1dkov\u00fd prsten champignon<\/strong> <\/a> (<em>Marasmius oreades<\/em>) a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wildfooduk.com\/mushroom-guide\/the-grey-knight\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">houba \u0161ed\u00fd ryt\u00ed\u0159<\/a><\/strong> (<em>Tricholoma terreum<\/em>), je smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00fd. M\u00edra usmrcen\u00ed je vysok\u00e1 d\u00edky chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tce, tzv. <strong>alfa-amanitin<\/strong>. Smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00fd dapperling zabil v roce 2002 ve \u0160pan\u011blsku lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed ho sn\u011bdli, v roce 2010 \u010dty\u0159i mlad\u00e9 \u010dleny tunisk\u00e9 rodiny a v roce 2018 zp\u016fsobil masovou epidemii v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edznaky se objevuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve st\u0159evech. Deset hodin po konzumaci smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00e9ho \u0161vih\u00e1ka se dostav\u00ed nevolnost a zvracen\u00ed, po n\u011bkolika dnech n\u00e1sleduje t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed jater. Odborn\u00edci stanovili, \u017ee 100 g <em>Lepiot<\/em>a je bodem zlomu, ne\u017e za\u010dnou j\u00e1tra selh\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd \u0161vih\u00e1k je tak z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u00fd proto, \u017ee si ho b\u011b\u017en\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si houby vychutn\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 kuchyn\u011b, mohou snadno spl\u00e9st s n\u011b\u010d\u00edm jin\u00fdm. Nap\u0159\u00edklad: V Salon-de-Provence byla rodina, kter\u00e1 na sv\u00e9 zahrad\u011b sb\u00edrala houby \u0161ed\u00e9 ryt\u00ed\u0159e. <strong>otr\u00e1ven\u00e9<\/strong> pot\u00e9, co si m\u00edsto toho vyzvedl dapperling.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-4-cortinarius-rubellus-deadly-webcap\"><strong>4. Cortinarius Rubellus <em>(Deadly Webcap)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Na tuto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed houbu je nyn\u00ed mnohem t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed narazit ne\u017e na ty, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed p\u0159edch\u00e1zely. Vzhledem k jej\u00edmu nedostupn\u00e9mu stanovi\u0161ti p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cortinarius_rubellus\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cortinarius rubellus<\/a><\/em><\/strong> je z\u0159\u00eddkakdy zaznamen\u00e1no, \u017ee by lovci hub byli otr\u00e1veni. Ve skute\u010dnosti je posledn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad otravy od <em>Cortinarius<\/em> v roce 1979 ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii. D\u016fvod? Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed ji konzumovali, si ji spletli s li\u0161kou (<em>Cantharellus cibarius<\/em>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"457\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1.jpg\" alt=\"Cortinarius Rubellus (Smrt\u00edc\u00ed pavu\u010dinov\u00e1 \u010depi\u010dka)\" class=\"wp-image-161620\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Galerina_marginata_-1-600x343.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><em>Cortinarius rubellus<\/em>, nebo Smrt\u00edc\u00ed webcap. <em>(Foto: Eric Steinert prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Kdyby se pod\u00edvali pozorn\u011bji, v\u0161imli by si, \u017ee smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00e1 pavu\u010dinka nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odstup\u0148ovan\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1bry, kter\u00e9 by se t\u00e1hly po stonku. Nav\u00edc je na n\u00ed vzor \"had\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee\", kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 varovat lidi p\u0159ed jej\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm. Stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed houby z rodu <em>Cortinarius<\/em> rod!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed smrt\u00edc\u00ed houby na tomto seznamu zp\u016fsobuje i smrt\u00edc\u00ed pavu\u010dinec p\u0159\u00edznaky podobn\u00e9 ch\u0159ipce a zvracen\u00ed. Pokud se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee jej\u00ed jed zp\u016fsobit selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin do dvou dn\u016f. To je d\u016fvod, pro\u010d navzdory sv\u00e9 relativn\u011b <em>\"t\u011b\u017eko k nalezen\u00ed\"<\/em> stavu, m\u011bli by se sb\u011bra\u010di st\u00e1le vyh\u00fdbat smrt\u00edc\u00edmu pavu\u010dinci, kter\u00fd roste jako plevel. Zejm\u00e9na v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b!&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-amanita-verna-fool-s-mushroom\"><strong>3. Amanita Verna<em> (Fool's Mushroom)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161ichni znaj\u00ed ikonick\u00fd \u010dervenob\u00edl\u00fd punt\u00edkat\u00fd vzor z \u0159ady <em>Amanita muscaria<\/em>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako muchom\u016frka. Ale co jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1, <em>Amanita verna<\/em>? Stejn\u011b jako u v\u0161ech <em>Amanitas<\/em>, tato smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00e1 houba m\u00e1 volvu neboli \"z\u00e1voj\", kter\u00fd zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1bry a t\u0159e\u0148 neboli \"stopku\" pod kloboukem. A stejn\u011b jako v\u0161echny <em>Amanitas<\/em>... <em>Amanita verna<\/em> tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako <strong>\"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_verna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bl\u00e1znova houba<\/a>\"<\/strong> je jedovat\u00e1 bazidiomycetn\u00ed houba. Od sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch se h\u0159ib bl\u00e1tiv\u00fd li\u0161\u00ed bled\u011b b\u00edlou barvou a hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdm kloboukem, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1nliv\u011b lesknout.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"479\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_verna-.jpeg\" alt=\"Amanita Verna (houba bl\u00e1zna)\" class=\"wp-image-161621\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_verna-.jpeg 479w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_verna--300x158.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_verna--18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 479px) 100vw, 479px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Amanita verna neboli h\u0159ib bl\u00e1zen (foto Pieria p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Pokud budete m\u00edt hloupou\u010dkou n\u00e1ladu a rozhodnete se sn\u00edst houbu Fool's Mushroom, m\u016f\u017eete o\u010dek\u00e1vat smrt\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vku alfa-amanitinu, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed vy\u0159ad\u00ed j\u00e1tra z provozu. B\u011bhem prvn\u00edch 6 a\u017e 24 hodin po konzumaci se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t, \u017ee se nic ned\u011bje. Po tomto \"klidn\u00e9m\" obdob\u00ed v\u0161ak poc\u00edt\u00edte neklid, po kter\u00e9m budou n\u00e1sledovat mysl ohlupuj\u00edc\u00ed k\u0159e\u010de a pr\u016fjem. T\u0159et\u00ed den se p\u0159\u00edznaky zopakuj\u00ed a pak p\u0159estanou -d\u011blaj\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti bl\u00e1zna s fale\u0161n\u00fdmi zn\u00e1mkami uzdraven\u00ed. V tomto okam\u017eiku m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b nutn\u00e9, aby doty\u010dn\u00fd podstoupil transplantaci jater. Proto\u017ee v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edznaky vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o opaku, ob\u011b\u0165 se obvykle dostane do nemocnice p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b a nakonec zem\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Co s rodinou hub <em>Phalloideae<\/em> kter\u00e1 nut\u00ed houby k zab\u00edjen\u00ed? Alespo\u0148 je snadn\u00e9 vyhnout se h\u0159ibu bl\u00e1znovi, proto\u017ee roste jen na ja\u0159e (<em>\"verna\"<\/em>) nam\u00edsto obvykl\u00e9 skliz\u0148ov\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-amanita-virosa-destroying-angel\"><strong>2. Amanita Virosa<em> (Ni\u010d\u00edc\u00ed and\u011bl)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Tato dal\u0161\u00ed smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 houba roste v horsk\u00fdch oblastech Brit\u00e1nie a Skotska, v n\u00ed\u017ein\u00e1ch severn\u00edho Skotska a v jehli\u010dnat\u00fdch les\u00edch Skandin\u00e1vie. Pohle\u010fte! Dal\u0161\u00ed temn\u00fd and\u011bl v houbov\u00e9m panteonu: <em>Amanita virosa<\/em>, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako <strong>\"<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_virosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ni\u010div\u00fd and\u011bl<\/a>\"<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"378\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Destroying_Angel_02.jpg\" alt=\"Amanita Virosa (And\u011bl ni\u010ditel)\" class=\"wp-image-161622\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Destroying_Angel_02.jpg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Destroying_Angel_02-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Destroying_Angel_02-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Destroying_Angel_02-600x320.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Amanita Virosa (And\u011bl ni\u010ditel) p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u00fd typ jedu v <em>Amanita phalloides<\/em> <em>(Smrt\u00edc\u00ed houba)<\/em> lze nal\u00e9zt tak\u00e9 v <em>Amanita virosa<\/em>. Na rozd\u00edl od h\u0159ibu smrteln\u00e9ho se v\u0161ak And\u011bl ni\u010ditel vyzna\u010duje \u010dist\u011b b\u00edlou barvou. Postr\u00e1d\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd z\u00e1pach h\u0159ibu smrteln\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd pom\u00e1h\u00e1 signalizovat jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost lesn\u00edm tvor\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Stejn\u011b jako p\u0159\u00edznaky vyvolan\u00e9 houbou Bl\u00e1zen se projev\u00ed i \u00fa\u010dinky konzumace houby And\u011bl ni\u010ditel - a pak odezn\u00ed na n\u011bkolik hodin a\u017e den \u010di dva. Stejn\u011b krut\u00fd trik, jak p\u0159im\u011bt ob\u011b\u0165, aby si myslela, \u017ee je. <em>\"l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed\"<\/em>. Brzy se p\u0159\u00edznaky vr\u00e1t\u00ed: nevolnost, bolesti \u017ealudku a pr\u016fjem, tentokr\u00e1t zcela po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed ledviny a j\u00e1tra. Pokud se nel\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edk skon\u010dit v k\u00f3matu a utrp\u011bt nevyhnutelnou smrt.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011bti Ni\u010div\u00e9ho and\u011bla se v\u011bt\u0161inou dostanou do nemocnice p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b po otrav\u011b. V tu chv\u00edli je jedin\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskem transplantace jater. Dokonce i <em>\u017ee<\/em> nen\u00ed z\u00e1rukou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Rekonvalescence je nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, bolestiv\u00e1 a nap\u00ednav\u00e1 akce, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e si t\u011blo zvyk\u00e1 na ciz\u00ed org\u00e1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-amanita-phalloides-death-cap\"><strong>1. Amanita phalloides <em>(Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Posledn\u00ed houba na na\u0161em seznamu se po tis\u00edce let pou\u017e\u00edvala jako n\u00e1stroj k vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Zab\u00edj\u00ed ti\u0161e a neboj\u00ed se zavra\u017edit kr\u00e1le ani z\u00e1letn\u00e9 man\u017eele. Jej\u00ed schopnost p\u011bstovat kruhy plodnic, tzv. <strong><em>\"poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 prsteny\"<\/em><\/strong><em>,<\/em> je spojov\u00e1n s mytologi\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch duch\u016f. Zab\u00edj\u00ed jen nepatrn\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e si vyslou\u017eila pov\u011bst dokonal\u00e9 neviditeln\u00e9 vra\u017eedn\u00e9 zbran\u011b. D\u00e1my a p\u00e1nov\u00e9, pozor...<em> <\/em><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Amanita_phalloides\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice<\/a><\/em><\/strong>! &nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"512\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_phalloides_-_Death_Cap_.jpeg\" alt=\"Amanita phalloides (Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice)\" class=\"wp-image-161626\" style=\"width:840px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_phalloides_-_Death_Cap_.jpeg 512w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_phalloides_-_Death_Cap_-300x163.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Amanita_phalloides_-_Death_Cap_-18x10.jpeg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><em>Amanita phalloides<\/em>nebo Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice. <\/mark><\/strong><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">(Foto p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b se prosl\u00fdchalo, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 Claudius byl <strong>zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd<\/strong> jeho man\u017eelka Agrippina, kdy\u017e mu na tal\u00ed\u0159 nasypala jedno z jeho obl\u00edben\u00fdch j\u00eddel - Caesarovy houby (<em>Amanita caesarea<\/em>) - s pr\u016fsvitnou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou ze smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice. C\u00edsa\u0159 nic netu\u0161il, proto\u017ee p\u0159\u00edznaky se projevily a\u017e po n\u011bkolika dnech. Jed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zafungoval a Claudius k obrovsk\u00e9 radosti sv\u00e9 \u017eeny zem\u0159el. Alespo\u0148 tak prav\u00ed legenda...<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Francouzsk\u00fd filozof Voltaire tak\u00e9 \u0159ekl, \u017ee Karel VI. byl <strong>zavra\u017ed\u011bn<\/strong> s pou\u017eit\u00edm houby smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depice. V historii zp\u016fsobily nespo\u010det dal\u0161\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed. \u010cast\u00e1 chyba? Domn\u00edvat se, \u017ee klobouk smrti je jedl\u00fd, zejm\u00e9na ve stadiu klobouku.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Kde roste \u010depice smrti? Tuto smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dnou houbu lze nal\u00e9zt ve skupin\u00e1ch, rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch od sebe, zejm\u00e9na pod duby a buky. Smrt\u00edc\u00ed \u010depi\u010dky lze snadno nal\u00e9zt na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Irska a kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Evropy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159edchoz\u00edch smrteln\u011b jedovat\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e9 jsme sem za\u0159adili, nelze amatoxin v klobou\u010dku smrti zni\u010dit \u017e\u00e1dnou metodou va\u0159en\u00ed nebo zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pouh\u00e1 \u0161petka <em>Amanita phalloides<\/em> je smrt\u00edc\u00ed. Jedin\u00e1 houba s klobou\u010dkem smrti je tak dostate\u010dn\u011b jedovat\u00e1, aby zavra\u017edila \u010dlov\u011bka. <em>n\u011bkolik<\/em> nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 dvora!<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vzhled m\u016f\u017ee klamat<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>V\u017edy m\u011bjte na pam\u011bti, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy hub mohou b\u00fdt fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem kr\u00e1sn\u00e9. <em>a<\/em> z\u00e1rove\u0148 extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 - jako nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u011b pojmenovan\u00fd Ni\u010div\u00fd and\u011bl. Nav\u00edc smrt\u00edc\u00ed houby mohou pro nezku\u0161en\u00e9 oko vypadat ne\u0161kodn\u011b. Kl\u00ed\u010d\u00edc\u00ed <em>Amanita<\/em>, se nap\u0159\u00edklad podob\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011bti. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Puffball\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">puffball<\/a><\/strong>. A nem\u016f\u017eete si b\u00fdt jisti, kter\u00e1 je kter\u00e1, pokud neprohl\u00e9dnete z\u00e1vojnatku a nespat\u0159\u00edte uvnit\u0159 \u017e\u00e1bry, co\u017e by potvrdilo jej\u00ed jedovatost.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Zlat\u00fdm pravidlem je, \u017ee pokud m\u00e1te n\u011bkdy pochybnosti, nechte tyto houby na pokoji. Srozumiteln\u00fd online pr\u016fvodce houbami poskytne z\u00e1chrannou s\u00ed\u0165 t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed houby sb\u00edrat. Dobr\u00e9 verze \u010dasto obsahuj\u00ed barevn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch hub, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed jejich popisu. Ty nejlep\u0161\u00ed by v\u0161ak m\u011bly m\u00edt datab\u00e1zi s mo\u017enost\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, do kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eete zadat znaky vzork\u016f, abyste mohli ur\u010dit jak\u00fdkoli druh.<\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed se nemus\u00edme ob\u00e1vat hub a lan\u00fd\u017e\u016f z oblasti <em>kouzlo<\/em> rozmanitost, zejm\u00e9na s na\u0161imi p\u011bstebn\u00edmi sadami. Na <em>Psilocybe<\/em> druhy vypadaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b roztomile na to, aby se daly sn\u00edst,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/magicke-houby-jsou-nejbezpecnejsi-rekreacni-drogou\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>a jsou<\/b><\/a><strong>! <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\n\n\n\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nikdy nejezte houby, pokud p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00edte, co to je.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":57089,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-57080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=57080"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":161627,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57080\/revisions\/161627"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/57089"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=57080"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=57080"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=57080"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=57080"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}