{"id":70904,"date":"2022-07-14T17:33:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T15:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=70904"},"modified":"2023-05-09T10:41:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:41:23","slug":"in-memoriam-psychedelicky-prukopnik-ann-shulgin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/blog\/in-memoriam-psychedelic-pioneer-ann-shulgin\/","title":{"rendered":"In Memoriam: Psychedelick\u00e1 pr\u016fkopnice Ann Shulginov\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u010dkoli je v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1na d\u00edky spole\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci s Dr. Shulginem, v\u010detn\u011b \u0159ady pr\u016fkopnick\u00fdch knih a publikac\u00ed, sama tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozvoji oboru, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti psychedelick\u00e9 asistovan\u00e9 psychoterapie a integrace.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ann Shulgin (p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laura Ann Gotliebov\u00e1 se narodila 22. b\u0159ezna 1931 ve Wellingtonu na Nov\u00e9m Z\u00e9landu. Jej\u00ed otec byl americk\u00fdm konzulem v italsk\u00e9m Terstu, kde \u017eili v ran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jej\u00edho d\u011btstv\u00ed. Po vypuknut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se jej\u00ed rodina st\u011bhovala mezi USA, Kubou a Kanadou. Studovala um\u011bn\u00ed, stala se v\u00fdtvarnic\u00ed, t\u0159ikr\u00e1t se vdala a m\u011bla \u010dty\u0159i d\u011bti. V roce 1978 se vr\u00e1tila k pr\u00e1ci l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159episovatelky. Zde Ann potkala sv\u016fj prot\u011bj\u0161ek v doktoru Alexandru \"Sa\u0161ovi\" \u0160ulginovi. Vzali se 4. \u010dervence na jejich zahrad\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Shulginovi (p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons<\/em>)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Psychedelick\u00e9 man\u017eelstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Man\u017eelstv\u00ed Shulginov\u00fdch mnoz\u00ed pova\u017eovali za dokonal\u00fd p\u00e1r. Mil\u00fd, v\u00fdst\u0159edn\u00ed p\u00e1r, kter\u00fd se o sv\u016fj fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivot r\u00e1d d\u011blil s p\u0159\u00e1teli, badateli i novin\u00e1\u0159i. Jejich setk\u00e1n\u00ed v roce 1978 v\u0161ak nebylo jedinou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 toho roku zm\u011bnila b\u011bh \u017eivota obou. Rok 1978 byl tak\u00e9 rokem, kdy se Sa\u0161a sezn\u00e1mila s MDMA. U\u017e d\u0159\u00edve o n\u00ed sly\u0161el vypr\u00e1v\u011bt jako o n\u00e1stroji k navozen\u00ed empatie a sebeanal\u00fdzy. Sasha m\u00e1 z\u00e1sluhu na tom, \u017ee ji znovu p\u0159edstavil sv\u011btu a na\u0161el snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob jej\u00ed synt\u00e9zy. Vynalezl tak\u00e9 mnoho vlastn\u00edch psychedelick\u00fdch lektvar\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad 2CB a Aleph, kter\u00e9 jsou dodnes obl\u00edben\u00fdmi psychonauty. Jako chemick\u00e9mu g\u00e9niovi mu rychle p\u0159irostla p\u0159ezd\u00edvka, na kterou se d\u00edval s pochybami - \"Kmotr ext\u00e1ze\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed MDMA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ann se hluboce zapojila do zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed Sa\u0161in\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Nejprve je testoval na sob\u011b, a pokud v\u0161e dopadlo dob\u0159e, p\u0159inesl je Ann. Po jej\u00edm odb\u011bru vzork\u016f by se o n\u011b pod\u011blili se sv\u00fdmi d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00e1teli a kolegy v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, aby je vyzkou\u0161eli a zhodnotili. D\u00edky t\u011bmto pokus\u016fm se Ann s t\u011bmito l\u00e1tkami sezn\u00e1mila a identifikovala jejich potenci\u00e1l jako terapeutick\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Tablety Ecstacy (p\u0159es Public Domain Image)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"V MDMA je n\u011bco, co umo\u017e\u0148uje poznat, co se v tob\u011b d\u011bje, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ti d\u00e1v\u00e1 pocit, \u017ee jsi schopen p\u0159ijmout s\u00e1m sebe, ale pocit, \u017ee t\u011b B\u016fh a vesm\u00edr skute\u010dn\u011b dr\u017e\u00ed v rukou s l\u00e1skou. \u017de jste poklad. Toto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, tato jistota, \u017ee jste celistv\u00ed, se svou temnotou, sv\u011btlem, dobrem i zlem. M\u00e1te nekone\u010dnou hodnotu. To je ten nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dar, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee kdokoli dostat. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je MDMA t\u00edm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm, co se ve sv\u011bt\u011b psychoterapie stalo.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terapeutick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce a \"st\u00edn <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ann pracovala jako \"laick\u00e1\" terapeutka, tj. nem\u011bla \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed ani diplom. M\u011bla v\u0161ak vrozen\u00e9 schopnosti a dovednosti. Pou\u017e\u00edvala Jungi\u00e1nsk\u00e9<\/a> teorie, aby prozkoumala psychedelick\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tak dob\u0159e poznala. Rozvinula rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 teorie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na Jungov\u011b konceptu \"st\u00ednu\". St\u00ednov\u00e9 j\u00e1 je tvo\u0159eno t\u011bmi \u010d\u00e1stmi n\u00e1s sam\u00fdch, kter\u00e9 jsme potla\u010dili nebo skryli v d\u016fsledku spole\u010densk\u00e9ho tlaku, v\u00fdchovy, prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo cel\u00e9 \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f. P\u0159esto\u017ee jsou tyto prvky vyt\u011bsn\u011bny z dohledu, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a mohou se projevit, kdy\u017e jsme rozru\u0161en\u00ed, rozzloben\u00ed nebo pod tlakem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto: Rene B\u00f6hmer na Unsplash<\/em>)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ann v\u011bd\u011bla, \u017ee psychedelika mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1strojem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V n\u00e1vaznosti na Jungovo d\u00edlo Ann v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee aby se pacient skute\u010dn\u011b uzdravil, je t\u0159eba tato st\u00ednov\u00e1 j\u00e1 uznat a integrovat. V\u011b\u0159ila tak\u00e9, \u017ee psychedelika, jako je MDMA, jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, jak toho dos\u00e1hnout. Ann byla jednou z prvn\u00edch, kdo objevil, \u017ee MDMA v kombinaci s psychoterapi\u00ed a\/nebo hypnoterapi\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pacientovi pomoci nekriticky a s empati\u00ed a l\u00e1skou zkoumat sebe sama - tedy p\u0159esn\u011b to, co na\u0161e st\u00ednov\u00e1 j\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed k integraci. P\u0159i vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed transforma\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly psychedelik na kongresu Women's Visionary Congress 2019 \u0159ekla;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed zkoumaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u011bdom\u00ed pomoc\u00ed vizion\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch rostlin a psychedelick\u00fdch drog, m\u016f\u017eeme rozd\u011blit do dvou skupin: na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed se pomoc\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek bav\u00ed a relaxuj\u00ed, a na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed je u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed cesty, aby zkoumali a pochopili sami sebe. V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, popravd\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, d\u011bl\u00e1 oboj\u00ed. Bez ohledu na to, co v\u00e1s motivuje k okusov\u00e1n\u00ed hub nebo pit\u00ed \u010daje ayahuasca, d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji se setk\u00e1te s drakem a d\u00e9mony ve sv\u00e9 du\u0161i.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PIHKAL: Chemick\u00fd milostn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po letech pr\u00e1ce terapeutky se Ann v\u011bnovala psan\u00ed, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a v\u00fduce. Spole\u010dn\u011b se Sashou jsou autorkami \u0159ady knih a publikac\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed zejm\u00e9na PIHKAL: Chemick\u00fd milostn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh <\/em>a TIHKAL: Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed. PIHKAL, <\/em>vydan\u00e1 v roce 1991, je kniha o dvou polovin\u00e1ch. Prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st je beletrizovanou autobiografi\u00ed man\u017eel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed sami vystupuj\u00ed pod pseudonymy \"Shura\" a \"Alice\". Proslulou se v\u0161ak stala a\u017e \u010d\u00e1st druh\u00e1. Bylo v n\u00ed pops\u00e1no 179 psychedelick\u00fdch slou\u010denin, z nich\u017e mnoh\u00e9 objevil Sa\u0161a, a tak\u00e9 podrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod, jak je syntetizovat, jejich d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed a biologick\u00e9 testy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Shulginova hodnot\u00edc\u00ed stupnice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st zahrnovala tak\u00e9 dnes ji\u017e kultovn\u00ed \"Shulginovu hodnot\u00edc\u00ed stupnici\", kter\u00e1 byla poprv\u00e9 publikov\u00e1na v roce 1986 v \u010dasopise Metody a poznatky v experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed a klinick\u00e9 farmakologii <\/em>\u010dasopis. Je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jako \"kvantitativn\u00ed stupnice \u00fa\u010dinnosti\" a byla navr\u017eena jako jednoduch\u00fd zp\u016fsob vykazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dink\u016f psychoaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9m d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed a v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dase. Hodnocen\u00ed bylo vyvinuto na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch experiment\u016f Ann, Shashy a jejich spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde je Shulginova hodnot\u00edc\u00ed stupnice v pln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed, jak byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna v \u010dasopise PIHKAL:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

MINUS JEDEN<\/strong> (-) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Na kvantitativn\u00ed stupnici \u00fa\u010dinnosti (-, \u00b1, +, ++, +++) nebyly pozorov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS\/MINUS<\/strong> (\u00b1)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00darove\u0148 \u00fa\u010dinnosti l\u00e9\u010diva, kter\u00e1 ozna\u010duje prahov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek. Pokud vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka vyvol\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odezvu, pak platilo plus\/m\u00ednus (\u00b1). Pokud vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka nevyvol\u00e1 nic, jednalo se o fale\u0161n\u011b pozitivn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS ONE<\/strong> (+)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e9k je zcela jist\u011b aktivn\u00ed. Chronologii lze ur\u010dit s ur\u010ditou p\u0159esnost\u00ed, ale povaha \u00fa\u010dink\u016f drogy zat\u00edm nen\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS DVA<\/strong> (++)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Chronologie i povaha \u00fa\u010dinku drogy jsou jednozna\u010dn\u011b patrn\u00e9. St\u00e1le v\u0161ak m\u00e1te ur\u010ditou mo\u017enost volby, zda toto dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159ijmete, nebo rad\u011bji budete pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch denn\u00edch pl\u00e1nech (pokud jste tedy zku\u0161en\u00fd badatel). \u00da\u010dinky mohou m\u00edt dominantn\u00ed roli, nebo je lze potla\u010dit a u\u010dinit je sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00fdch zvolen\u00fdch aktivit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS T\u0158I<\/strong> (+++)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Nejen\u017ee je chronologie a povaha p\u016fsoben\u00ed drogy zcela jasn\u00e1, ale ignorovat jej\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9. Subjekt je do pro\u017eitku zcela zapojen, v dobr\u00e9m i zl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS \u010cTY\u0158I<\/strong> (++++) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Vz\u00e1cn\u00fd a vz\u00e1cn\u00fd transcendent\u00e1ln\u00ed stav, kter\u00fd byl v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \"vrcholn\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem\", \"n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem\", \"bo\u017eskou transformac\u00ed\", \"stavem sam\u00e1dhi\" a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1zvy. Nesouvis\u00ed s hodnotami +1, +2 a +3 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed intenzity drogy. Je to stav bla\u017eenosti, \u00fa\u010dastn\u00e9 mystiky, propojen\u00ed s vnit\u0159n\u00edm i vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edrem, kter\u00fd nastal po po\u017eit\u00ed psychedelick\u00e9 drogy, ale kter\u00fd se nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b opakovat p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm po\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9\u017ee drogy. Pokud by se n\u011bkdy poda\u0159ilo objevit drogu (nebo techniku \u010di postup), kter\u00e1 by u v\u0161ech lid\u00ed trvale vyvol\u00e1vala z\u00e1\u017eitek plus \u010dty\u0159i, lze si p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by to znamenalo kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a mo\u017en\u00e1 i konec lidsk\u00e9ho experimentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Shulgin\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po Sa\u0161ov\u011b smrti v roce 2014 se Ann stala hlavn\u00ed postavou pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich spole\u010dn\u00e9ho odkazu. Ann, kter\u00e1 zde byla sv\u011bdkem \u00fasvitu nov\u00e9 psychedelick\u00e9 renesance, je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety vystupovala na p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161k\u00e1ch a obhajovala psychedelickou asistovanou terapii. Budeme na ni vzpom\u00ednat jako na sou\u010d\u00e1st dynamick\u00e9ho dua a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako na pr\u016fkopnici psychedelick\u00e9 terapie: ka\u017ed\u00e9 psychedelick\u00e9 terapeutick\u00e9 sezen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se dnes kon\u00e1, vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed za sv\u00e9 objevov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edstavivost a empatii. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(p\u0159es Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ann Shulginov\u00e1: 1931 - 2022<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden, 9. \u010dervence 2022, zem\u0159ela Ann Shulginov\u00e1, poz\u016fstal\u00e1 polovina prvn\u00edho psychedelick\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru. Spolu se sv\u00fdm man\u017eelem Alexandrem \"Sa\u0161ou\" Shulginem byla Ann sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9ho t\u00fdmu, kter\u00fd zkoumal a rozv\u00edjel psychedelika z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho, terapeutick\u00e9ho i duchovn\u00edho hlediska. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":70925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-70904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70904"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123140,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904\/revisions\/123140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70904"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=70904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}