{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"esimesed-toendid-inimeste-psuhhedeelsete-ainete-kasutamise-kohta-kalifornias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/blog\/earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Varaseimad t\u00f5endid inimese ps\u00fchhedeelikumi kasutamise kohta leiti California koopast"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuhandeid aastaid hiljem v\u00f5ivad teadlased olla <strong>lahendasin m\u00fcsteeriumi<\/strong>. Punane <em>\"pinwheel\"<\/em> on viidatud ps\u00fchhedeelsele lillele, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, mis on tuntud selle tseremoniaalse kasutamise poolest Chumashide poolt.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Koik v\u00f5ib olla <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hawk koi<\/strong> <\/a>mis j\u00f5i Datura trippi indutseerivat nektarit ja seega oli tal joobes, tantsuline lendamine<em> <\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rohkem t\u00f5endeid iidse ps\u00fchhedeeliakasutuse kohta on koopalagedele kleebitud <strong>quids<\/strong>, v\u00f5i 400 aastat vanad n\u00e4ritud narkootikumide t\u00fckid. Need sisaldavad <strong>skopolamiin<\/strong> ja <strong>atropiin<\/strong>, Daturas sisalduvad meelemuutvad kemikaalid. Uuring n\u00e4itab lisaks, et:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...piktogrammid ei olnud t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt \u0161amaanide enesepildistused transis, vaid hoopis m\u00fctoloogiast l\u00e4htuvad ikoonilised kujutised...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>See on esimesed t\u00f5endid hallutsinogeenide tarvitamise kohta eelajaloolises koopas. Kuid miks keskendusid meie varajased ps\u00fchhonautid Daturale? Kas lille kummardati ehk?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"punane koopajoonis datura \u00f5itsemise foto k\u00f5rval\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave, California, kus nad seostasid punase spiraali maagilise lillega. Pange t\u00e4hele, kuidas kroonlehed avanevad... (Foto viisakalt: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> Maagiline lill<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura lahustati teena, mida nimetatakse <strong>toloache<\/strong>, mida noored poisid j\u00f5id \u00fclemineku riitusena. Selle hallutsinogeenid annaksid neile juurdep\u00e4\u00e4su <em>\"alumine maailm\"<\/em>. Kuid lill oli ka teistmoodi maagiline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuntud ka kui <strong>thornapple<\/strong> ja<strong> jimsonweed<\/strong>, Datura avab oma kroonlehed ainult h\u00e4maruses ja hommikul, p\u00e4eval keerates need kinni. Punane spiraal n\u00e4itab t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt Datura \u00f5it. <em>\"\u00e4rkamine\"<\/em>, \u00fctlesid teadlased:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Daturat v\u00f5is v\u00f5tta kogu elu jooksul erinevatel p\u00f5hjustel, sealhulgas \u00fcleloomulike v\u00f5imete saamiseks arstimiseks, negatiivsete \u00fcleloomulike s\u00fcndmuste vastu, kummituste t\u00f5rjumiseks, tuleviku n\u00e4gemiseks v\u00f5i kadunud esemete leidmiseks...\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval peetakse Daturat tavalise aiataimena, peamiselt nende trompetikujuliste \u00f5ite t\u00f5ttu. P\u00e4rast \u00f5itsemisperioodi toodab Datura okkalisi vilju.<em> (seega teine nimi, thornapple)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"punane datura lill l\u00e4hivaates\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Punane datura lill<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jah, Datura p\u00f5hjustatud reis v\u00f5ib kesta kuni 2 p\u00e4eva. Aga ettevaatust! Kuna tegemist on alkaloidtaimega, v\u00f5ivad selle suurimad k\u00f5rvaltoimed olla juhuslik \u00fcleannustamine... ja m\u00fcrgistusest tingitud surm. Datura iga kuradi osa <em>on<\/em> m\u00fcrgine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> Mis juhtub, kui te s\u00f6\u00f6te Datura't. <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura wrightii v\u00f5ib olla v\u00f5imas ps\u00fchhedeelikum, kuid ohtlikud k\u00f5rvaltoimed kaaluvad selle v\u00f5lu kaugelt \u00fcles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aeglasem <em>(v\u00f5i hullult kiiremini)<\/em> m\u00f5tted;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Madalam motivatsioon;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00f5imalik depressioon + \u00e4revus;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoia, koos tunnetega <em>\"Tulevane katastroof\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ajamoonutus;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lihasv\u00e4simus;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amneesia ja<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00fcrgine surm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>J\u00e4tame siis eksperimendid koopainimeste hooleks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Esimene Psychonauts?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui Datura oli nii ohtlik, siis miks v\u00f5tsid California koopainimesed seda, j\u00e4id ellu, et sellest r\u00e4\u00e4kida, ja v\u00e4rvisid seda nii h\u00e4sti oma koopakaevudele? Kas nad ei olnudki k\u00f5rini?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alustuseks, kunstnikud t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt ei trippinud joonistamise ajal, nagu juhtiv uurija <strong>David Robinson<\/strong> \u00fctles Live Science'ile:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"See on \u00e4\u00e4rmiselt ebat\u00f5en\u00e4oline Datura n\u00f5rgestava m\u00f5ju t\u00f5ttu.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Samuti olid p\u00f5lisrahvad t\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt immuunsed selle lille m\u00fcrgile, arvestades, et nad kasutasid Daturat igap\u00e4evaelus - ja mitte ainult rituaalides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arheoloogid komistasid kaljumaalingutele esimest korda 1999. aastal aadressil<strong> Tuulehuntide kaitseala<\/strong> Santa Barbara l\u00e4hedal. T\u00f6\u00f6tajad avastasid punase pinwheel ja koi v\u00e4rvitud <strong>ooker<\/strong>v\u00f5i punane savi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"punase ratta kujuline koopamaalingud Chumash rahva poolt\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Veel \u00fcks uskumatu Chumashide koopamaal, mis asub samas piirkonnas, kust leiti \"punane n\u00f5elaratas\". (Wikipedia kaudu)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nagu Michelangelo kunstiteosed Sixtuse kabelis, aitasid kaljumaalingud p\u00f5lisrahvastel <em>\"saada meeleolu\"<\/em> oma vaimse teekonna jaoks. Nende jaoks ei olnud Datura hallutsinogeenne j\u00f5ud ainult \u0161amaanidele, vaid k\u00f5igile, kes seda vajasid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...v\u00f5ib olla, et Datura n\u00e4rimine v\u00f5is olla seotud teiste r\u00fchmatseremooniatega, n\u00e4iteks jahiretkedeks valmistumisega.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>Haruldane osa ps\u00fchhedeelsest ajaloost <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Kasutades <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radios\u00fcsiniku dateerimine<\/a><\/strong>selgus, et koobast kasutati alates 1600. aastast kuni 1800. aastate l\u00f5puni.  Ja see ei olnud ainult rituaalide v\u00f5i eriliste s\u00fcndmuste jaoks. Samuti leiti <strong>noole v\u00f5lli sirgendajad<\/strong> <em>(mis v\u00f5ib t\u00e4hendada jahinduse ettevalmistamist)<\/em>, <strong>jahvatatud seemned<\/strong> <em>(toiduainete s\u00e4ilitamisest)<\/em>ja <strong>loomade luud<\/strong> s\u00f6\u00f6gist \u00fcle j\u00e4\u00e4nud toiduained. P\u00f5nev, kas pole?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meie esivanemad mitte ainult ei kasutanud ps\u00fchhedeelseid aineid, vaid nad austasid neid ja l\u00fclitasid nende maagia igap\u00e4evaellu. Ja kuigi me teame n\u00fc\u00fcd, et Datura on surmav, on selle punane spiraal <em>kindlasti<\/em> p\u00f5levad eredalt ps\u00fchhedeelses ajaloos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"Chumashide \u00fchiskonna maalimine kootud majade ja paatidega\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Chumashide \u00fchiskonna taaselustamine<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mida te arvate? Kas see avastus on muutnud teie m\u00f5tteid iidsetest \u00fchiskondadest? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kui soovite rohkem teada saada, kuidas inimesed l\u00e4bi ajaloo komistasid, siis vaadake l\u00e4hemalt <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/articles\/psuhhedeelsed-uuringud\/toendid-psuhhedeelseid-aineid-kasutavate-iidsete-tsivilisatsioonide-kohta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">T\u00f5endid ps\u00fchhedeelseid aineid kasutavate iidsete tsivilisatsioonide kohta<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kaua aega tagasi elasid California p\u00f5lisrahvad koobastes. Ja \u00f6\u00f6sel ei vaadanud nad mitte t\u00e4hti taevas... vaid erkpunast maalingut, mis kujutas n\u00f5elaratta ja suure silmaga koi.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}