{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"az-emberi-pszichedelikus-szerhasznalat-legkorabbi-bizonyitekai-kaliforniaban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/blog\/earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Az emberi pszichedelikus szerhaszn\u00e1lat legkor\u00e1bbi bizony\u00edt\u00e9k\u00e1t tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k meg a kaliforniai barlangban"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f6bb ezer \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb, a kutat\u00f3knak lehet. <strong>megfejtette a rejt\u00e9lyt<\/strong>. A piros <em>\"pinwheel\"<\/em> a pszichedelikus vir\u00e1gra vezethet\u0151 vissza, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, amely a Chumash n\u00e9p szertart\u00e1si haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1r\u00f3l ismert.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A lepke lehet egy <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>s\u00f3lyommoly<\/strong> <\/a>amely a Datura trip-induk\u00e1l\u00f3 nekt\u00e1rj\u00e1t sz\u00fcrcs\u00f6lte, \u00e9s \u00edgy r\u00e9szegen, t\u00e1ncszer\u0171en rep\u00fclt.<em> <\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Az \u0151si pszichedelikus szerek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak tov\u00e1bbi bizony\u00edt\u00e9kai a barlang mennyezet\u00e9re ragadtak, a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 form\u00e1j\u00e1ban <strong>quids<\/strong>, vagy 400 \u00e9ves r\u00e1gott drogdarabok. Ezek tartalmaznak <strong>szkopolamin<\/strong> \u00e9s <strong>atropin<\/strong>, a Datur\u00e1ban l\u00e9v\u0151 elmebajos vegyi anyagok. A tanulm\u00e1ny tov\u00e1bb\u00e1 azt mutatja, hogy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...a piktogramok val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg nem a transzban l\u00e9v\u0151 s\u00e1m\u00e1nok \u00f6narck\u00e9pei voltak, hanem a mitol\u00f3gi\u00e1ra t\u00e1maszkod\u00f3, k\u00e9sz ikonogr\u00e1fiai k\u00e9pek...\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ez az els\u0151 bizony\u00edt\u00e9k arra, hogy az emberek hallucinog\u00e9neket szedtek egy \u0151skori barlangban. De mi\u00e9rt a Datur\u00e1ra koncentr\u00e1ltak korai pszichonaut\u00e1ink? Tal\u00e1n im\u00e1dt\u00e1k a vir\u00e1got?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"v\u00f6r\u00f6s barlangrajz a vir\u00e1gz\u00f3 datura fot\u00f3ja mellett\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave, Kalifornia, ahol a v\u00f6r\u00f6s spir\u00e1lt a var\u00e1zsvir\u00e1ggal hozt\u00e1k \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sbe. Figyelj\u00fck meg a szirmok kibontakoz\u00f3 form\u00e1j\u00e1t... (A fot\u00f3 j\u00f3volt\u00e1b\u00f3l: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> A var\u00e1zslatos vir\u00e1g<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Datura felold\u00f3dott, mint egy tea, az \u00fagynevezett <strong>toloache<\/strong>, amelyet a fiatal fi\u00fak a feln\u0151tt\u00e9 v\u00e1l\u00e1s r\u00edtusak\u00e9nt ittak. A hallucinog\u00e9njei hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st biztos\u00edtottak sz\u00e1mukra a <em>\"nether realm\"<\/em>. De a vir\u00e1g m\u00e1sk\u00e9pp is var\u00e1zslatos volt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00e1s n\u00e9ven is ismert <strong>thornapple<\/strong> \u00e9s<strong> jimsonweed<\/strong>A Datura csak sz\u00fcrk\u00fcletkor \u00e9s hajnalban nyitja ki szirmait, napk\u00f6zben pedig \u00f6sszecsavarja \u0151ket. A piros spir\u00e1l val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg egy Datura vir\u00e1got \u00e1br\u00e1zol. <em>\"\u00e9bred\u00e9s\"<\/em>, mondt\u00e1k a kutat\u00f3k:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"A datur\u00e1t az ember eg\u00e9sz \u00e9let\u00e9ben szedhette k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 okokb\u00f3l, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt term\u00e9szetfeletti er\u0151 megszerz\u00e9s\u00e9re az orvosl\u00e1shoz, negat\u00edv term\u00e9szetfeletti esem\u00e9nyek ellens\u00falyoz\u00e1s\u00e1ra, szellemek elh\u00e1r\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra, j\u00f6v\u0151bel\u00e1t\u00e1sra vagy elveszett t\u00e1rgyak megtal\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1ra...\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Napjainkban a Datur\u00e1t gyakori kerti n\u00f6v\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt tartj\u00e1k, f\u0151k\u00e9nt trombita alak\u00fa vir\u00e1gai miatt. A vir\u00e1gz\u00e1s ut\u00e1n a Datura t\u00fcsk\u00e9s gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket termel.<em> (ez\u00e9rt a m\u00e1sik n\u00e9v, thornapple)<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"piros datura vir\u00e1g k\u00f6zelk\u00e9p\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Piros datura vir\u00e1g<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Igen, egy Datura-induk\u00e1lt utaz\u00e1s ak\u00e1r 2 napig is eltarthat. De vigy\u00e1zat! Mivel alkaloid n\u00f6v\u00e9ny, legnagyobb mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sa a v\u00e9letlen t\u00faladagol\u00e1s lehet... \u00e9s a m\u00e9rgez\u00e9s okozta hal\u00e1l. A Datura minden rohadt r\u00e9sze <em>a<\/em> m\u00e9rgez\u0151.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> Mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, ha megeszed a Datura-t <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A Datura wrightii egy er\u0151s pszichedelikus szer lehet, de a vesz\u00e9lyes mell\u00e9khat\u00e1sok messze fel\u00fclm\u00falj\u00e1k a var\u00e1zs\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lassabb <em>(vagy \u0151r\u00fclten gyorsabb)<\/em> gondolatok;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alacsonyabb motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esetleges depresszi\u00f3 + szorong\u00e1s;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoia, \u00e9rz\u00e9sekkel <em>\"k\u00f6zelg\u0151 katasztr\u00f3fa\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Id\u0151torz\u00edt\u00e1s;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Izomf\u00e1radts\u00e1g;\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amn\u00e9zia; \u00e9s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>M\u00e9reg \u00e1ltali hal\u00e1l<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Sz\u00f3val hagyjuk a k\u00eds\u00e9rletez\u00e9st az \u0151semberekre, rendben?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Az els\u0151 Psychonauts?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ha a Datura annyira vesz\u00e9lyes volt, akkor mi\u00e9rt szedt\u00e9k a kaliforniai \u0151semberek, mi\u00e9rt \u00e9ltek, hogy elmondhass\u00e1k a t\u00f6rt\u00e9net\u00fcket, \u00e9s mi\u00e9rt festett\u00e9k olyan sz\u00e9pen a barlangi k\u00fatjaikra? Nem voltak bet\u00e9pve?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kezdetnek, a m\u0171v\u00e9szek val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg nem botlottak meg rajzol\u00e1s k\u00f6zben, mivel a vezet\u0151 kutat\u00f3 <strong>David Robinson<\/strong> mondta a Live Science-nek:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Ez rendk\u00edv\u00fcl val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171tlen a Datura b\u00e9n\u00edt\u00f3 hat\u00e1sa miatt.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emellett az \u0151slakosok val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg immunisak voltak a vir\u00e1g m\u00e9rg\u00e9re, tekintve, hogy a Datur\u00e1t a mindennapi \u00e9letben haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k - \u00e9s nem csak a ritu\u00e1l\u00e9kban.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A r\u00e9g\u00e9szek el\u0151sz\u00f6r 1999-ben bukkantak a sziklafestm\u00e9nyekre a<strong> Sz\u00e9l Farkasok rezerv\u00e1tum<\/strong> Santa Barbara k\u00f6zel\u00e9ben. A munk\u00e1sok felfedezt\u00e9k a piros t\u0171ker\u00e9k \u00e9s a moly festett <strong>okkers\u00e1rga<\/strong>, vagy v\u00f6r\u00f6s agyag.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"a Chumash n\u00e9p v\u00f6r\u00f6s ker\u00e9k alak\u00fa barlangfestm\u00e9nyei\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Egy m\u00e1sik hihetetlen barlangfestm\u00e9ny a Chumashokt\u00f3l, ugyanazon a ter\u00fcleten, ahol a \"v\u00f6r\u00f6s t\u0171kereket\" tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k. (a Wikipedi\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mint Michelangelo m\u0171vei a Sixtus-k\u00e1poln\u00e1ban, a sziklafestm\u00e9nyek seg\u00edtettek az \u0151slakosoknak... <em>\"hangol\u00f3dj r\u00e1\"<\/em> a spiritu\u00e1lis \u00fatjukhoz. Sz\u00e1mukra a Datura hallucinog\u00e9n ereje nem csak a s\u00e1m\u00e1noknak sz\u00f3lt, hanem mindenkinek, akinek sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge volt r\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...elk\u00e9pzelhet\u0151, hogy a Datura r\u00e1g\u00e1sa m\u00e1s csoportos szertart\u00e1sokhoz, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a vad\u00e1szatokra val\u00f3 felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9shez kapcsol\u00f3dhatott.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>A pszichedelikus t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem ritka darabja <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A  haszn\u00e1lata <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radiokarbonos kormeghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s<\/a><\/strong>, the cave was revealed to be used from 1600 CE to the tail end of the 1800s.\u00a0 And it wasn\u2019t just for rituals or special occasions. They also found <strong>ny\u00edltengely kiegyenes\u00edt\u0151k<\/strong> <em>(ami jelentheti a vad\u00e1szati el\u0151k\u00e9sz\u00fcleteket)<\/em>, <strong>\u0151r\u00f6lt magvak<\/strong> <em>(\u00e9lelmiszerrakt\u00e1rb\u00f3l)<\/em>, \u00e9s <strong>\u00e1llati csontok<\/strong> az \u00e9tkez\u00e9sb\u0151l megmaradt \u00e9telek. Leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151, nem igaz?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0150seink nemcsak haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a pszichedelikus szereket, hanem tisztelt\u00e9k is \u0151ket, \u00e9s a mindennapi \u00e9let\u00fckbe is be\u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k a m\u00e1gi\u00e1jukat. \u00c9s b\u00e1r ma m\u00e1r tudjuk, hogy a Datura hal\u00e1los, a v\u00f6r\u00f6s spir\u00e1lj\u00e1t <em>hat\u00e1rozottan<\/em> f\u00e9nyesen \u00e9gnek a pszichedelikus t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelemben.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"festm\u00e9ny a Chumash t\u00e1rsadalomr\u00f3l, sz\u0151tt kunyh\u00f3kkal \u00e9s cs\u00f3nakokkal\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">A Chumash t\u00e1rsadalom rekonstrukci\u00f3ja<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Mit gondolsz? Megv\u00e1ltoztatta ez a felfedez\u00e9s az \u00f3kori t\u00e1rsadalmakr\u00f3l alkotott elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seit? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ha t\u00f6bbet szeretn\u00e9l megtudni arr\u00f3l, hogy a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem sor\u00e1n hogyan botlottak ki a n\u00e9pek, n\u00e9zd meg a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/articles\/pszichedelikus-tanulmanyok\/bizonyitekok-a-pszichedelikus-szereket-hasznalo-osi-civilizaciokrol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bizony\u00edt\u00e9kok a pszichedelikus szereket haszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u0151si civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3kr\u00f3l<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00e9ges-r\u00e9gen a kaliforniai \u0151slakos t\u00f6rzsek barlangokban \u00e9ltek. \u00c9jjelente nem a csillagokat n\u00e9zt\u00e9k az \u00e9gen... hanem egy \u00e9l\u00e9nkpiros festm\u00e9nyt, amely egy csiperkekereket \u00e9s egy nagy szem\u0171 lepk\u00e9t \u00e1br\u00e1zolt.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}