{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"pirmieji-psichodeliku-vartojimo-kalifornijoje-irodymai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/blog\/earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Kalifornijos urve rasta ankstyviausi\u0173 \u017emogaus psichodelikos vartojimo \u012frodym\u0173"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pra\u0117jus t\u016bkstan\u010diams met\u0173, mokslininkai gal\u0117jo <strong>\u012fmin\u0117 paslapt\u012f<\/strong>. Raudona spalva <em>\"Pinwheel\"<\/em> yra susij\u0119s su psichodeline g\u0117le, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, \u017einomas d\u0117l to, kad j\u012f apeigoms naudojo \u010duma\u0161\u0173 tauta.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Motul\u0117 gali b\u016bti <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>gudruol\u0117 kandis<\/strong> <\/a>kurie gurk\u0161nojo Datura nektar\u0105, sukeliant\u012f kelion\u0119, ir taip \u0161oko girt\u0105 \u0161ok\u012f primenant\u012f skryd\u012f<em> <\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Daugiau senovinio psichodelik\u0173 vartojimo \u012frodym\u0173 yra ant ol\u0173 lub\u0173 - tai <strong>quids<\/strong>, arba 400 met\u0173 senumo kramtom\u0173j\u0173 narkotik\u0173 gabal\u0117li\u0173. Juose yra <strong>skopolaminas<\/strong> ir <strong>atropinas<\/strong>, protu nesuvokiam\u0173 chemini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173, esan\u010di\u0173 daturoje. Tyrimas taip pat rodo, kad:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...piktogramos tikriausiai nebuvo \u0161aman\u0173, esan\u010di\u0173 transe, sav\u0119s atvaizdai, o veikiau mitologija paremti ikonografiniai atvaizdai...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tai pirmieji \u012frodymai, kad prie\u0161istorin\u0117je oloje \u017emon\u0117s vartojo haliucinogenus. Ta\u010diau kod\u0117l ankstyvieji psichonautai daugiausia d\u0117mesio skyr\u0117 daturai? Galb\u016bt g\u0117l\u0117 buvo garbinama?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"raudonas urvo pie\u0161inys \u0161alia \u017eydin\u010dios daturos nuotraukos\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave, Kalifornijoje, kur jie susiejo raudon\u0105 spiral\u0119 su stebuklinga g\u0117le. Atkreipkite d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f i\u0161siskleid\u017eian\u010di\u0173 \u017eiedlapi\u0173 form\u0105... (Nuotraukos autorius: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> Magi\u0161ka g\u0117l\u0117<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura buvo i\u0161tirpinta kaip arbata, vadinama <strong>toloache<\/strong>, kur\u012f jauni berniukai gerdavo kaip apeigin\u012f g\u0117rim\u0105. Jo haliucinogenai suteikdavo jiems prieig\u0105 prie <em>\"grynoji sfera\"<\/em>. Ta\u010diau g\u0117l\u0117 buvo stebuklinga ir kitu po\u017ei\u016briu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taip pat \u017einomas kaip <strong>thornapple<\/strong> ir<strong> jimsonweed<\/strong>, Datura atveria \u017eiedlapius tik sutemus ir au\u0161tant, o dien\u0105 juos u\u017everia. Raudona spiral\u0117 tikriausiai rodo Datura \u017eied\u0105 <em>\"pabudimas\"<\/em>, teig\u0117 tyr\u0117jai:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Datura gal\u0117jo b\u016bti vartojama vis\u0105 gyvenim\u0105 d\u0117l \u012fvairi\u0173 prie\u017eas\u010di\u0173, \u012fskaitant antgamtini\u0173 gali\u0173 \u012fgijim\u0105 gydytojo darbui, kov\u0105 su neigiamais antgamtiniais rei\u0161kiniais, apsisaugojim\u0105 nuo vaiduokli\u0173, ateities matym\u0105 ar pamest\u0173 daikt\u0173 suradim\u0105...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160iandien datura yra \u012fprastas sodo augalas, daugiausia d\u0117l savo trimit\u0173 formos \u017eied\u0173. Po \u017eyd\u0117jimo sezono datura i\u0161augina dygliuotus vaisius.<em> (tod\u0117l kitas pavadinimas - thornapple)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"raudona datura g\u0117l\u0117 stambiu planu\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Raudona datura g\u0117l\u0117<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Taip, \"Datura\" sukelta kelion\u0117 gali trukti net 2 dienas. Ta\u010diau saugokit\u0117s! Kadangi tai alkaloidinis augalas, did\u017eiausias \u0161alutinis poveikis gali b\u016bti atsitiktinis perdozavimas... ir mirtis nuo nuod\u0173. Kiekviena prakeikta daturos dalis <em>yra .<\/em> toksi\u0161kas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> Kas atsitinka, jei valgote datura <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura wrightii gali b\u016bti stiprus psichodelinis preparatas, ta\u010diau pavojingas \u0161alutinis poveikis gerokai nusveria jo magij\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u0117tesnis <em>(arba beproti\u0161kai grei\u010diau)<\/em> mintys;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ma\u017eesn\u0117 motyvacija;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Galutin\u0117 depresija ir nerimas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoja, su jausmais <em>\"art\u0117janti nelaim\u0117\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Laiko i\u0161kraipymas;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raumen\u0173 nuovargis;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amnezija; ir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mirtis nuo nuod\u0173<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tad palikime eksperimentus urviniams \u017emon\u0117ms, ar ne?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Pirmieji psichonautai?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Jei datura buvo tokia pavojinga, kod\u0117l Kalifornijos urviniai \u017emon\u0117s j\u0105 vartojo, gyveno ir taip gerai i\u0161pie\u0161\u0117 ant savo urv\u0173 \u0161ulini\u0173? Ar jie nebuvo apsvaig\u0119?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pirmiausia, dailininkai pie\u0161dami tikriausiai nesuk\u010diavo, nes pagrindinis tyr\u0117jas <strong>Davidas Robinsonas<\/strong> sak\u0117 \"Live Science\":&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Tai labai ma\u017eai tik\u0117tina d\u0117l silpninan\u010dio daturos poveikio.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be to, vietiniai gyventojai tikriausiai buvo atspar\u016bs \u0161ios g\u0117l\u0117s nuodams, nes datur\u0105 naudojo kasdieniniame gyvenime, o ne tik ritualuose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Archeologai pirm\u0105 kart\u0105 aptiko uol\u0173 pie\u0161inius 1999 m.<strong> V\u0117jo vilk\u0173 draustinis<\/strong> netoli Santa Barbaros. Darbuotojai aptiko raudon\u0105 verpst\u0119 ir kand\u012f, nuda\u017eyt\u0105 <strong>ochra<\/strong>arba raudonasis molis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"raudoni rato formos pie\u0161iniai urvuose, kuriuos pie\u0161\u0117 \u010duma\u0161\u0173 tauta.\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Dar vienas ne\u012ftik\u0117tinas \u010duma\u0161\u0173 urvinis paveikslas, nutapytas toje pa\u010dioje vietov\u0117je, kurioje buvo rastas \"raudonasis vijoklis\". (per Vikipedij\u0105)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaip ir Mikeland\u017eelo k\u016briniai Siksto koply\u010dioje, uol\u0173 tapyba pad\u0117jo vietiniams gyventojams <em>\"\u012fsijausti \u012f nuotaik\u0105\"<\/em> j\u0173 dvasinei kelionei. Jiems haliucinogenin\u0117 daturos galia buvo skirta ne tik \u0161amanams, bet ir visiems, kuriems jos reik\u0117jo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...gali b\u016bti, kad Datura kramtymas gal\u0117jo b\u016bti susij\u0119s su kitomis grupin\u0117mis apeigomis, pavyzd\u017eiui, pasiruo\u0161imu med\u017eioklei.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>Retas psichodelikos istorijos fragmentas <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Naudojant <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">radiokarboninis datavimas<\/a><\/strong>, paai\u0161k\u0117jo, kad urvas buvo naudojamas nuo 1600 m. iki XIX a. pabaigos.  Ir tai nebuvo tik ritualai ar ypatingos progos. Jie taip pat rado <strong>rodykl\u0117s stiebo tiesintuvai<\/strong> <em>(tai gali reik\u0161ti pasirengim\u0105 med\u017eioklei)<\/em>, <strong>maltos s\u0117klos<\/strong> <em>(i\u0161 maisto produkt\u0173 saugyklos)<\/em>, ir <strong>gyv\u016bn\u0173 kaulai<\/strong> lik\u0119 nuo valgi\u0173. \u012esp\u016bdinga, ar ne?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u016bs\u0173 prot\u0117viai ne tik vartojo psichodelikus, bet ir gerb\u0117 juos, o j\u0173 magij\u0105 \u012ftrauk\u0117 \u012f kasdien\u012f gyvenim\u0105. Ir nors dabar \u017einome, kad datura yra mirtina, jos raudona spiral\u0117 <em>neabejotinai<\/em> ry\u0161kiai \u012feina \u012f psichodelikos istorij\u0105.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"\u010duma\u0161\u0173 visuomen\u0117s su austomis b\u016bdel\u0117mis ir valtimis paveikslas\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u010cuma\u0161\u0173 visuomen\u0117s atk\u016brimas<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u0105 manote? Ar \u0161is atradimas pakeit\u0117 j\u016bs\u0173 po\u017ei\u016br\u012f \u012f senov\u0117s visuomenes? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jei norite su\u017einoti daugiau apie tai, kaip \u017emon\u0117s istorijoje suklupdavo, apsilankykite <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/articles\/psichodeliniai-tyrimai\/senoves-civilizaciju-vartojusiu-psichodelikus-irodymai\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Senov\u0117s civilizacij\u0173, vartojusi\u0173 psichodelik\u0105, \u012frodymai<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Seniai seniai Kalifornijoje vietin\u0117s gentys gyveno urvuose. Naktimis jie \u017ei\u016br\u0117davo ne \u012f \u017evaig\u017edes danguje, o \u012f ry\u0161kiai raudon\u0105 paveiksl\u0105, kuriame buvo pavaizduotas vijoklis ir pla\u010diai atmerktomis akimis motul\u0117.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}