{"id":12826,"date":"2020-04-29T14:41:54","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T14:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=12826"},"modified":"2023-05-11T18:38:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T16:38:33","slug":"ka-psihedeliki-veido-vesturi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/blog\/how-psychedelics-shape-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Raganas, v\u012bzijas, revol\u016bcija: K\u0101 psihed\u0113li\u0137i veido v\u0113sturi"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101 m\u0113s svin\u0113j\u0101m velosip\u0113du diena<\/a>, kas ir velt\u012bta pirmajam apzin\u0101tajam LSD braucienam, kuru 1943. gad\u0101 atkl\u0101ja Alberts Hofmans. LSD, ar ko Hofmans bija tr\u0101p\u012bjis, tika ieg\u016bts no vielas, ko sauca par melno graudu. Bet kas ir melno graudu melno graudu s\u0113kli\u0146as? Un k\u0101 tai ir izdevies vilt\u012bgi veidot v\u0113sturi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas ir melno graudu s\u0113n\u012bte?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0112rk\u0161\u0137iedra ir dab\u0101 sastopama s\u0113n\u012bte, kas galvenok\u0101rt aug uz rudziem, bet var b\u016bt sastopama ar\u012b uz citiem graudiem. Kop\u0161 cilv\u0113ce ir att\u012bst\u012bjusies lauksaimniec\u012bba, t\u0101 ir sask\u0101rusies ar melno graudu s\u0113n\u012bti, jo graudaugi \u0101tri k\u013cuva par m\u016bsu galveno p\u0101rtikas avotu. At\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101 no LSD, kuram b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 nav fiziolo\u0123isku blakuspar\u0101d\u012bbu, melnaj\u0101 melnaj\u0101 melnzem\u0113 ir glu\u017ei pret\u0113ji. Paties\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101 ir toksiska. V\u0113stures gait\u0101 ir biju\u0161i gad\u012bjumi, kad cilv\u0113ki piedz\u012bvoja halucin\u0101cijas, s\u0101p\u012bgus krampjus un transam l\u012bdz\u012bgus st\u0101vok\u013cus. Vi\u0146i to interpret\u0113ja k\u0101 reli\u0123isku vai d\u0113monisku aps\u0113st\u012bbu. Rodas jaut\u0101jums, cik daudz v\u0113sturisku notikumu vai reli\u0123isku atkl\u0101smju ir izrais\u012bju\u0161i vai ietekm\u0113ju\u0161i cilv\u0113ki, kas tr\u012bc\u0113ju\u0161i no... maizes? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160eit m\u0113s apl\u016bkosim da\u017eus piem\u0113rus no v\u0113stures notikumiem, kurus, k\u0101 tagad apgalvo p\u0113tnieki, var\u0113tu b\u016bt ietekm\u0113jusi melno graudu s\u0113kli\u0146a - \"ragainais grauds\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eleus\u012bnie\u0161u mist\u0113rijas<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Eleuz\u012bnas mist\u0113rijas bija slepena reli\u0123iska atdzim\u0161anas ceremonija, kas notika Senaj\u0101 Grie\u0137ij\u0101. Ceremonijas bija tik slepenas (t\u0101p\u0113c mist\u0113rijas<\/em>), ka pat m\u016bsdien\u0101s ir maz zin\u0101ms par to, kas paties\u012bb\u0101 notika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ceremonij\u0101 tika godin\u0101tas dievietes Demetra un Persefone, piev\u0113r\u0161oties m\u012btam, kur\u0101 Hades, pazemes pasaules dievs, nolaupa jauno Persefoni. Vi\u0146as m\u0101te Demetra, lauksaimniec\u012bbas un dabas dieviete, l\u016bdz Dzeusu atbr\u012bvot meitu. Vi\u0146\u0161 to at\u013cauj. Ta\u010du diem\u017e\u0113l, atrodoties pazemes pasaul\u0113, Persefone ap\u0113d 6 gran\u0101t\u0101bolu s\u0113klas. Par to vi\u0146ai tiek nol\u0101d\u0113ts pavad\u012bt 6 m\u0113ne\u0161us no gada pazem\u0113 kop\u0101 ar Hadesu. \u0160ajos m\u0113ne\u0161os Demetere ilgojas p\u0113c meitas, un, b\u016bdama dabas dieviete, pasauli p\u0101r\u0146em auksta ziema. Kad Persefone katru gadu izn\u0101k no pazemes, zeme atdzimst no jauna - aug augi un zeme ir bag\u0101ta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slepenaj\u0101 ceremonij\u0101 dal\u012bbnieki dz\u0113rakykeon'<\/a>. Dz\u0113riens, kas par godu lauksaimniec\u012bbas dievietei satur\u0113ja mie\u017eus. Daudzi p\u0113tnieki uzskata, ka \u0161ie mie\u017ei bija infic\u0113ti ar melno mie\u017eu melno s\u0113kli\u0146u, jo ceremonijas apraksti liecina, ka kykeon bija psihotropa iedarb\u012bba. \u0160is ir rets piem\u0113rs, kad melno graudu iedarb\u012bba izmantota apzin\u0101ti. Platons, kur\u0161 pats piedal\u012bj\u0101s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"m\u016bsu mist\u0113rij\u0101m bija \u013coti re\u0101la noz\u012bme: kas ir \u0161\u0137\u012bst\u012bts un iesv\u0113t\u012bts, tas dz\u012bvos kop\u0101 ar dieviem.\" <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Neatkar\u012bgi no faktiski<\/em> turpin\u0101j\u0101s, ir skaidrs, ka t\u0101 bija dzi\u013ca ietekme uz tiem, kas taj\u0101 piedal\u012bj\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deju m\u0101nija<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u0113stur\u0113 bie\u017ei sastopama par\u0101d\u012bba ir t\u0101 saukt\u0101 \"deju m\u0101nija<\/a>. \u0160\u012b par\u0101d\u012bba ietv\u0113ra nekontrol\u0113jamu deju, un t\u0101 var\u0113ja b\u016bt gan solo dejot\u0101js, gan veselas kopienas un ciemati - dejojot l\u012bdz sp\u0113ku izs\u012bkumam vai, gal\u0113jos gad\u012bjumos, l\u012bdz n\u0101vei. Visizplat\u012bt\u0101kais tas bija no 14. l\u012bdz 17. gadsimtam kontinent\u0101laj\u0101 Eirop\u0101, kur cilv\u0113ki dejoja k\u0101 trans\u0101, bie\u017ei vien kliedzot un raustoties. Iesp\u0113jamais \u0161o uzliesmojumu iemesls ir saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar melno s\u0113n\u012bti. T\u0101 ir paz\u012bstama ar\u012b k\u0101 Sv\u0113t\u0101 Antonija uguns, kas slimniekiem izraisa ne tikai halucin\u0101cijas, bet ar\u012b me\u017eon\u012bgus krampjus, atdarinot dejas kust\u012bbas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u017eoanna no Arkas<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Daudzi zina st\u0101stu par \u017dannu d'Ark, 1412. gad\u0101 dzimu\u0161o fran\u010du zemnieci, kura, dzirdot sv\u0113to balsis, vad\u012bja fran\u010du armiju, lai sakautu ang\u013cus. Ta\u010du ne tik bie\u017ei tiek ap\u0161aub\u012btas pa\u0161as balsis. No kurienes t\u0101s n\u0101ca? Vai t\u0101s patie\u0161\u0101m bija sv\u0113to Miha\u0113la, Margaretas un Katr\u012bnas balsis, kas teica pusaudzei \u017doannai, lai t\u0101 gl\u0101bj Franciju? M\u016bsdien\u0101s ir daudz teoriju par to, kas \u012bsti izrais\u012bja balsis, tostarp \u0161izofr\u0113nija, troksnis aus\u012bs, balss iedzer\u0161ana. belladonna<\/a> un, protams, melno graudu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Silt\u0101 klimata d\u0113\u013c \u012bpa\u0161i Francija bija \u0113rmcid\u0113m bag\u0101ta vieta, un t\u0101s lauku kopien\u0101s bie\u017ei vien bija v\u0113rojami n\u0101v\u0113jo\u0161i \u0161\u012bs slim\u012bbas uzliesmojumi. Ir nepr\u0101t\u012bgi iedom\u0101ties, ka armiju uz kauju un uz uzvaru var\u0113ja vest meitene, kas bija vienk\u0101r\u0161i uz\u0137\u0113rusies uz sliktas m\u012bklas! Neskatoties uz lielo noz\u012bmi Francijas triumf\u0101, D\u017eoanu dr\u012bz p\u0113c tam sadedzin\u0101ja pie k\u016blas par \u0137ecer\u012bbu un raganu. Tas m\u016bs noved pie...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Salemas raganu procesi<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Raganu pr\u0101vas jau sen bija izplat\u012btas vis\u0101 Eirop\u0101, un to skaits iev\u0113rojami pieauga 15. gadsimt\u0101 l\u012bdz pat 18. gadsimta beig\u0101m. \u0160aj\u0101 laik\u0101, pamatojoties uz aps\u016bdz\u012bb\u0101m raganu burvest\u012bb\u0101s, tika nogalin\u0101ti aptuveni 40 000 cilv\u0113ku, galvenok\u0101rt sievietes. Ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 tra\u0123isko notikumu \u0137\u0113d\u0113 k\u0101 viens no vain\u012bgajiem ir min\u0113ta melno graudu s\u0113n\u012bte. Tom\u0113r visvair\u0101k ir p\u0113t\u012bta mel\u012bgi slaven\u0101 Salemas raganu pr\u0101va, kas notika Masa\u010d\u016bsets\u0101 no 1692. l\u012bdz 1693. gadam, un taj\u0101 visvair\u0101k tika p\u0113t\u012bta melno ragani\u0146u ietekme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1692. gad\u0101 divas jaunas meitenes cieta no sp\u0113c\u012bg\u0101m l\u0113km\u0113m, halucin\u0101cij\u0101m un dzelo\u0146ainas \u0101das no neredzam\u0101m adat\u0101m. M\u016bsdien\u0101s m\u0113s \u0161\u012bs s\u016bdz\u012bbas atz\u012bstam par saind\u0113\u0161an\u0101s ar melno melno ragani\u0146u simptomiem, ta\u010du tolaik tas mazaj\u0101 kopien\u0101 izrais\u012bja aps\u016bdz\u012bbas par burvest\u012bb\u0101m. T\u0101 k\u0101 arvien vair\u0101k pils\u0113tnieku s\u0101k\u0101s halucin\u0101cijas, aps\u016bdz\u012bbu k\u013cuva arvien vair\u0101k, un galu gal\u0101 tika pak\u0101rti 19 cilv\u0113ki. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Varb\u016bt t\u0101 bija masu hist\u0113rija vai varb\u016bt reli\u0123iska m\u0101nija, bet viens ir skaidrs - visticam\u0101k, ka pie t\u0101 bija vainojama melno graudu s\u0113kli\u0146a, nevis, k\u0101 toreiz tika teikts, \"...Salem\u0101 tika palaists s\u0101tans\".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tagad laiks \u012bsai v\u0113stures stundai! Bet nebaidieties, \u0161\u012b nav parasta karant\u012bnas m\u0101jas skolas nodarb\u012bba... \u0160\u012a ir psihed\u0113liska m\u0101jas skolas nodarb\u012bba.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-12826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12826"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123908,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826\/revisions\/123908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12826"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=12826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}