{"id":208466,"date":"2024-09-05T17:31:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-05T15:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=208466"},"modified":"2024-09-05T17:32:18","modified_gmt":"2024-09-05T15:32:18","slug":"petijums-atklaj-ka-psilocibins-un-mdma-atskirigi-ietekme-smadzenes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/blog\/study-reveals-how-psilocybin-and-mdma-affect-the-brain-differently\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0113t\u012bjums atkl\u0101j, k\u0101 psilocib\u012bns un MDMA at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgi ietekm\u0113 smadzenes"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jauns p\u0113t\u012bjums<\/a>, kas public\u0113ts zin\u0101tniskaj\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 Scientific Reports, ir sniegta l\u012bdz \u0161im padzi\u013cin\u0101t\u0101k\u0101 anal\u012bze par to, k\u0101 klasiskie psihed\u0113li\u0137i. (piem. psilocib\u012bns<\/a> no burvju s\u0113n\u0113m un LSD). <\/em>un narkotiku MDMA (bie\u017ei paz\u012bstams k\u0101 ekstaz\u012b vai E) <\/em>ietekm\u0113 kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 un p\u0113c lieto\u0161anas.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113tnieki atkl\u0101ja, ka \u0161\u012bm viel\u0101m ir \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga ietekme uz smadzen\u0113m. Psihed\u0113li\u0137i pasliktina uzman\u012bbu un izpildfunkcijas, bet MDMA galvenok\u0101rt trauc\u0113 atmi\u0146u. Satrauco\u0161i, ka p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 tika atrasti ar\u012b pier\u0101d\u012bjumi, kas liecina, ka psihed\u0113li\u0137i var veicin\u0101t rado\u0161umu un izpildfunkcijas p\u0113c tam, kad narkotiku t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113j\u0101 iedarb\u012bba ir izzudusi. \u0160\u012b ietekme netika nov\u0113rota MDMA gad\u012bjum\u0101. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psihod\u0113lisko vielu un MDMA at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu izpratne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pieaugot psihed\u0113liku un MDMA lieto\u0161anas apjomam. (gan terapeitiskiem, gan izklaides m\u0113r\u0137iem).  <\/em>arvien vair\u0101k tiek veicin\u0101ta to kognit\u012bv\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas izpratne, jo \u012bpa\u0161i, lai noteiktu vadl\u012bnijas un gaidas terapeitiskaj\u0101 vid\u0113. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pat nespeci\u0101listu skat\u012bjum\u0101 klasisko psihed\u0113li\u0137u un MDMA iedarb\u012bba ir diezgan at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bga. MDMA ir slavens ar to, ka tas izraisa eiforijas, emp\u0101tijas, emocion\u0101las tuv\u012bbas un pat m\u012blest\u012bbas saj\u016btu. Savuk\u0101rt klasiskie psihed\u0113li\u0137i izraisa dzi\u013cas uztveres un izzi\u0146as izmai\u0146as, ko d\u0113v\u0113 par \"tripu\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto - Jesse Bauer on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Neraugoties uz to, ka m\u0113s labi paz\u012bstam \u0161o popul\u0101ro z\u0101\u013cu iedarb\u012bbu, faktiskie meh\u0101nismi, k\u0101 t\u0101s ietekm\u0113 kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas, piem\u0113ram, atmi\u0146u, uzman\u012bbu un izpildfunkcijas, nav zin\u0101mi. (tas ietver t\u0101das prasmes k\u0101 iepriek\u0161\u0113ja pl\u0101no\u0161ana un probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161ana). <\/em>netika labi izprastas, t\u0101pat k\u0101 at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp abiem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datu mode\u013cu atra\u0161ana<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lai nov\u0113rstu \u0161o tr\u016bkumu, p\u0113tnieki veica metaanal\u012bzi. Metaanal\u012bze ir statistikas metode, kas apvieno vair\u0101ku jau veikto p\u0113t\u012bjumu rezult\u0101tus, lai noteiktu likumsakar\u012bbas un izdar\u012btu pamatot\u0101kus secin\u0101jumus. \u0160is konkr\u0113tais p\u0113t\u012bjums bija novatorisks, jo tas bija pirmais \u0161\u0101da veida p\u0113t\u012bjums, kur\u0101 tik detaliz\u0113ti tika sal\u012bdzin\u0101ta MDMA un psihed\u0113li\u0137u kognit\u012bv\u0101 ietekme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113t\u012bjuma autors Lukas A Basedow teica;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Psihed\u0113li\u0137u ak\u016bt\u0101 kognit\u012bv\u0101 ietekme ir svar\u012bgi izp\u0113t\u012bt, lai stiprin\u0101tu kait\u0113juma mazin\u0101\u0161anas un profilakses centienus. Turkl\u0101t specifiska kognit\u012bv\u0101 ietekme var b\u016bt svar\u012bga psihed\u0113liku terapeitiskai lieto\u0161anai, piem\u0113ram, MDMA ietekme uz atmi\u0146u,\". <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c izp\u0113tes datu b\u0101z\u0113s, mekl\u0113jot p\u0113t\u012bjumus par psihed\u0113liku un MDMA kognit\u012bvo ietekmi, vi\u0146i atrada 122 atbilsto\u0161us p\u0113t\u012bjumus kvalitat\u012bvajam p\u0101rskatam, no kuriem 31 tika izmantots kvantitat\u012bvajai anal\u012bzei.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto - Micha\u0142 Parzuchowski on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u012bs galven\u0101s kognit\u012bv\u0101s jomas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Anal\u012bz\u0113 tika apl\u016bkotas tr\u012bs galven\u0101s kognit\u012bv\u0101s jomas: kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas, atmi\u0146a un uzman\u012bba. Izpildfunkcija<\/strong> attiecas uz augst\u0101ka l\u012bme\u0146a kognit\u012bvajiem procesiem, piem\u0113ram, probl\u0113mu risin\u0101\u0161anu un pl\u0101no\u0161anu, atmi\u0146a<\/strong> ir sp\u0113ja saglab\u0101t un atcer\u0113ties inform\u0101ciju, bet uzman\u012bba<\/strong> ietver sp\u0113ju koncentr\u0113ties un saglab\u0101t koncentr\u0113\u0161anos. P\u0113c tam p\u0113t\u012bjumi tika iedal\u012bti kategorij\u0101s atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101, kad tika veikti kognit\u012bvie nov\u0113rt\u0113jumi - vai nu z\u0101\u013cu ak\u016bt\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas laik\u0101, vai ar\u012b z\u0101\u013cu ak\u016btas iedarb\u012bbas laik\u0101. (t. i., kad vi\u0146i bija \"reibum\u0101\"), <\/em>vai subak\u016btas f\u0101zes laik\u0101 (24 stundu laik\u0101 p\u0113c tam, kad z\u0101\u013cu iedarb\u012bba ir izzudusi).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 tika konstat\u0113tas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas psihed\u0113li\u0137u un MDMA ietekmes uz kognit\u012bvaj\u0101m funkcij\u0101m at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas. Tika konstat\u0113ts, ka ak\u016btaj\u0101 jeb \"ce\u013cojuma\" f\u0101z\u0113 psihed\u0113li\u0137i pasliktina izpildfunkcijas un uzman\u012bbu. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka cilv\u0113kiem, kuri ir psihed\u0113liku ietekm\u0113, var b\u016bt gr\u016bt\u012bbas veikt uzdevumus, kas prasa sare\u017e\u0123\u012btu l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu vai ilgsto\u0161u koncentr\u0113\u0161anos. Neraugoties uz to, psihed\u0113li\u0137i maz\u0101k ietekm\u0113ja atmi\u0146u, un da\u017eos p\u0113t\u012bjumos tika zi\u0146ots, ka psihed\u0113li\u0137i neietekm\u0113ja atmi\u0146u. (lai gan tas bija sastopams ar\u012b citos).\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psihed\u0113li\u0137i uzlabo da\u017eas kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas p\u0113c fakta<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Interesant\u0101kais ir tas, ka p\u0113tnieki nov\u0113roja, ka p\u0113c tam, kad psihed\u0113li\u0137a ak\u016bt\u0101 iedarb\u012bba bija beigusies. (parasti p\u0113c 24 stund\u0101m) <\/em>uzlaboj\u0101s da\u017eas kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas. Jo \u012bpa\u0161i vi\u0146i konstat\u0113ja, ka \u0161aj\u0101 subak\u016btaj\u0101 posm\u0101 var uzlaboties izpildfunkcijas un rado\u0161ums. (p\u0113c ce\u013cojuma) <\/em>f\u0101ze, ko bie\u017ei d\u0113v\u0113 par \"p\u0113cspilgtuma\" periodu. \u0160is atkl\u0101jums liecina, ka psihed\u0113liskiem l\u012bdzek\u013ciem var b\u016bt \u012bpa\u0161a sp\u0113ja faktiski uzlabot da\u017eas kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas p\u0113c tam, kad to t\u016bl\u012bt\u0113j\u0101 iedarb\u012bba ir beigusies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
caur Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
MDMA nav \"mirdzuma (tas nav p\u0101rsteigums ikvienam, kas k\u0101dreiz ir piedz\u012bvojis ekstazes komediju) <\/em><\/h5>\n\n\n\n

Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jumam, MDMA ak\u016btaj\u0101 f\u0101z\u0113 galvenok\u0101rt pasliktin\u0101ja atmi\u0146u, bet b\u016btiski neietekm\u0113ja izpildfunkcijas un uzman\u012bbu. Tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka MDMA lietot\u0101jiem narkotiku lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101 var\u0113tu b\u016bt gr\u016bt\u012bbas atcer\u0113ties jaunu inform\u0101ciju vai atcer\u0113ties deta\u013cas. Interesanti, ka p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 netika konstat\u0113ti pier\u0101d\u012bjumi par MDMA p\u0113capzi\u0146as efektu p\u0113c tam, kad narkotiku iedarb\u012bba bija izklied\u0113jusies, un kognit\u012bv\u0101s funkcijas atgriez\u0101s indiv\u012bda iepriek\u0161 \"norm\u0101l\u0101\" l\u012bmen\u012b bez iev\u0113rojamiem uzlabojumiem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ie atkl\u0101jumi liecina par klasisko psihed\u0113li\u0137u un MDMA iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgajiem kognit\u012bvajiem profiliem. \u0160\u0137iet, ka psilocib\u012bns, LSD u. c. \u012bslaic\u012bgi trauc\u0113 uzman\u012bbu, koncentr\u0113\u0161anos un izpildfunkcijas, bet paties\u012bb\u0101 var uzlabot \u0161\u012bs sp\u0113jas p\u0113c tam, kad ak\u016bt\u0101 z\u0101\u013cu iedarb\u012bba ir izzudusi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 konstat\u0113ts, ka pieredze var b\u016bt neparedzama <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Tom\u0113r p\u0113tnieki konstat\u0113ja, ka metaanal\u012bz\u0113 izmantotajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos atkl\u0101jumi iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basedow past\u0101st\u012bja Psypost;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"P\u0101rsteidzo\u0161\u0101kais atkl\u0101jums bija rezult\u0101tu neviendab\u012bgums... Lai gan m\u0113s atkl\u0101j\u0101m trauc\u0113jumu mode\u013cus, p\u0113t\u012bjumos bie\u017ei vien tika konstat\u0113ts ar\u012b tas, ka psihed\u0113liku iedarb\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c trauc\u0113jumu nav, kas nor\u0101da, ka da\u017ei cilv\u0113ki sp\u0113j saglab\u0101t savas kognit\u012bv\u0101s sp\u0113jas psihed\u0113liku ietekm\u0113.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160\u012b neviendab\u012bba (at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bba) <\/em>rezult\u0101tu at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas uzsver to, cik sare\u017e\u0123\u012bti ir tas, k\u0101 \u0161\u012bs vielas maina izzi\u0146u. Gan psihed\u0113liku, gan MDMA iedarb\u012bba nav vienk\u0101r\u0161a un paredzama, un t\u0101 var iev\u0113rojami at\u0161\u0137irties atkar\u012bb\u0101 no t\u0101diem faktoriem k\u0101 vide un konteksts, kur\u0101 \u0161\u012bs vielas tiek lietotas, individu\u0101l\u0101s at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbas starp lietot\u0101jiem un p\u0113t\u012bjumos izmantot\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u0101s metodolo\u0123ijas. Tie\u0161i \u0161\u012b sare\u017e\u0123\u012bt\u012bba ir iemesls, k\u0101p\u0113c ir gr\u016bti izdar\u012bt gal\u012bgus secin\u0101jumus par \u0161o narkotiku kognit\u012bvo ietekmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u0101 \u0161ie atkl\u0101jumi var pal\u012bdz\u0113t gan terapeitiskaj\u0101, gan atp\u016btas jom\u0101?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0160iem atkl\u0101jumiem ir svar\u012bga noz\u012bme gan terapeitiskaj\u0101, gan izklaides nol\u016bk\u0101 lietoto vielu lieto\u0161an\u0101. Piem\u0113ram, psihod\u0113lisko vielu nov\u0113roto p\u0113cap\u017eilbin\u0101\u0161anas efektu var\u0113tu \u012bpa\u0161i izmantot, lai palielin\u0101tu terapijas sesiju efektivit\u0101ti p\u0113c psihod\u0113lisk\u0101s pieredzes - b\u016bt\u012bb\u0101 izmantojot \"logu\", kur\u0101 terapeitiskais process var\u0113tu b\u016bt visefekt\u012bv\u0101kais.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz izklaides nol\u016bkiem, sniedzot lietot\u0101jiem lab\u0101ku izpratni par \u0161o narkotiku kognit\u012bvo ietekmi, var pal\u012bdz\u0113t dro\u0161\u0101kai to lieto\u0161anai. Tas var\u0113tu ietvert izvair\u012b\u0161anos no t\u0101du uzdevumu veik\u0161anas, kas prasa uzman\u012bbu vai l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu psihed\u0113liku lieto\u0161anas laik\u0101, jo \u0161\u012bs funkcijas var \u012bslaic\u012bgi pav\u0101jin\u0101ties. Tom\u0113r, iesp\u0113jams, ka l\u0113mumu pie\u0146em\u0161ana n\u0101kamais <\/em>diena ir uzlabota...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vissvar\u012bg\u0101kais br\u012bdin\u0101jums ir iepriek\u0161 min\u0113t\u0101 neviendab\u012bba,\". <\/em>p\u0113t\u012bjuma autors Basedovs skaidroja. \"P\u0113t\u012bjumos ne tikai at\u0161\u0137\u012br\u0101s rezult\u0101ti, bet ar\u012b izmantot\u0101s metodes bija \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas. M\u0113s cent\u0101mies apkopot ietekmi da\u017e\u0101dos testos, ta\u010du turpm\u0101kajos p\u0113t\u012bjumos b\u016btu j\u0101koncentr\u0113jas uz visizplat\u012bt\u0101ko neiropsiholo\u0123isko testu izmanto\u0161anu. N\u0101kotnes p\u0113t\u012bjumos b\u016btu lieliski sal\u012bdzin\u0101t da\u017e\u0101dus psihed\u0113li\u0137us (piem\u0113ram, LSD un psilocib\u012bnu), k\u0101 ar\u012b MDMA tie\u0161i tajos pa\u0161os testos un tajos pa\u0161os apst\u0101k\u013cos, lai pien\u0101c\u012bgi at\u0161\u0137irtu da\u017e\u0101du vielu iedarb\u012bbu.\"<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u0101 zina ikviens, kam ir kaut neliela pieredze ar \"viel\u0101m\", burvju s\u0113nes un MDMA ir diezgan at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas narkotikas. Tom\u0113r, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 to terapeitisk\u0101s izmanto\u0161anas potenci\u0101lu, ir iev\u0113rojami padzi\u013cin\u0101ju\u0161ies p\u0113t\u012bjumi par to at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bbu meh\u0101nismiem, atkl\u0101jot da\u017eus diezgan interesantus rezult\u0101tus.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":208477,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-208466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208466"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":208481,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208466\/revisions\/208481"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208477"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208466"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=208466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}