{"id":70904,"date":"2022-07-14T17:33:24","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T15:33:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=70904"},"modified":"2023-05-09T10:41:23","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T08:41:23","slug":"in-memoriam-psihedelijas-pionieris-ann-shulgin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/blog\/in-memoriam-psychedelic-pioneer-ann-shulgin\/","title":{"rendered":"In Memoriam: Psih\u0113dijas pioniere Ann Shulgin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lai gan vi\u0146u parasti atceras par darbu, ko vi\u0146a un Dr. \u0160ulgins paveica kop\u0101, tostarp par daudz\u0101m revolucion\u0101r\u0101m gr\u0101mat\u0101m un publik\u0101cij\u0101m, vi\u0146a ar\u012b pati deva noz\u012bm\u012bgu ieguld\u012bjumu \u0161aj\u0101 jom\u0101, jo \u012bpa\u0161i psihod\u0113lisk\u0101s psihoterapijas un integr\u0101cijas jom\u0101.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ann Shulgin (izmantojot Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Agr\u012bn\u0101 dz\u012bve<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laura Anna Gotl\u012bba dzimusi 1931. gada 22. mart\u0101 Velington\u0101, Jaunz\u0113land\u0113. Vi\u0146as t\u0113vs bija ASV konsuls Triest\u0113, It\u0101lij\u0101, kur vi\u0146i dz\u012bvoja vi\u0146as b\u0113rn\u012bbas s\u0101kum\u0101. P\u0113c Otr\u0101 pasaules kara s\u0101k\u0161an\u0101s vi\u0146as \u0123imene p\u0101rc\u0113l\u0101s no ASV uz Kubu un Kan\u0101du. Vi\u0146a stud\u0113ja m\u0101kslu, k\u013cuva par m\u0101kslinieci, tr\u012bs reizes apprec\u0113j\u0101s un dzemd\u0113ja \u010detrus b\u0113rnus. 1978. gad\u0101 vi\u0146a atgriez\u0101s darb\u0101 k\u0101 medic\u012bnas transkriptore. \u0160eit Anna sastapa savu otru pus\u012bti - Dr. Aleksandru \"Sa\u0161u\" \u0160ulginu. Vi\u0146i apprec\u0113j\u0101s sav\u0101 pagalm\u0101 4. j\u016blij\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
\u0160ulginu \u0123imene (izmantojot Wikimedia Commons<\/em>)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Psihod\u0113lisk\u0101 laul\u012bba<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Daudzi uzskat\u012bja, ka \u0160ulginu laul\u012bba ir ide\u0101ls p\u0101ris. Draudz\u012bgs, ekscentrisks p\u0101ris, kur\u0161 ar prieku dal\u012bj\u0101s sav\u0101 aizraujo\u0161aj\u0101 dz\u012bv\u0113 gan ar draugiem, gan p\u0113tniekiem un \u017eurn\u0101listiem. Vi\u0146u tik\u0161an\u0101s 1978. gad\u0101 nebija vien\u012bgais notikums, kas taj\u0101 gad\u0101 izmain\u012bja abu dz\u012bves gaitu. 1978. gads bija ar\u012b gads, kad Sa\u0161a iepazin\u0101s ar MDMA. Vi\u0146\u0161 jau iepriek\u0161 bija dzird\u0113jis st\u0101stus par to k\u0101 par l\u012bdzekli emp\u0101tijas un pa\u0161anal\u012bzes veicin\u0101\u0161anai. Sa\u0161a tiek uzskat\u012bts par t\u0101s atk\u0101rtotas ievie\u0161anas vaininieku, atrodot viegl\u0101ku veidu, k\u0101 to sintez\u0113t. Vi\u0146\u0161 izgudroja ar\u012b daudzus savus psihed\u0113liskos mikst\u016brus, piem\u0113ram, 2CB un Aleph, kas v\u0113l \u0161odien ir psihonautu iecien\u012bti. B\u016bdams \u0137\u012bmijas \u0123\u0113nijs, vi\u0146\u0161 \u0101tri vien iemantoja iesauku, uz kuru raudz\u012bj\u0101s ap\u0161aub\u0101mi - \"ekstazes krustt\u0113vs\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MDMA izp\u0113te<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anna bija dzi\u013ci iesaist\u012bta Sa\u0161as vielu izp\u0113t\u0113. Vispirms vi\u0146\u0161 t\u0101s p\u0101rbaud\u012btu uz sevis, un, ja viss izdotos labi, nog\u0101d\u0101tu t\u0101s Annai. P\u0113c vi\u0146as paraugu \u0146em\u0161anas vi\u0146i dal\u012bj\u0101s tajos ar saviem uzticamiem draugiem un kol\u0113\u0123iem p\u0113tniekiem, lai tos izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101tu un p\u0101rskat\u012btu. \u0160o eksperimentu laik\u0101 Anna iepazina \u0161\u012bs vielas, apzinot to potenci\u0101lu k\u0101 terapeitisku l\u012bdzekli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Ecstacy tabletes (izmantojot publisk\u0101 dom\u0113na att\u0113lu)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"MDMA ir kaut kas t\u0101ds, kas \u013cauj apzin\u0101ties, kas notiek tev\u012b pa\u0161\u0101, bet vienlaikus tas dod tev \u0161o saj\u016btu, ne tikai to, ka tu sp\u0113j pie\u0146emt sevi, bet saj\u016btu, ka Dievs un Visums patiesi tevi tur sav\u0101s rok\u0101s ar m\u012blest\u012bbu. Ka tu esi d\u0101rgums. \u0160\u012b apzi\u0146a, \u0161\u012b p\u0101rliec\u012bba, ka tu esi vesels, ar savu tum\u0161o, gai\u0161o, labo un slikto. Tu esi bezgal\u012bgi v\u0113rt\u012bgs. T\u0101 ir visliel\u0101k\u0101 d\u0101vana, ko ikviens var sa\u0146emt. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 MDMA ir visliel\u0101k\u0101 d\u0101vana psihoterapijas pasaul\u0113.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Terapeitiskais darbs un \"\u0113na <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anna str\u0101d\u0101ja k\u0101 \"laic\u012bga\" terapeite, t. i., vi\u0146ai nebija form\u0101las apm\u0101c\u012bbas vai diploma. Tom\u0113r vi\u0146ai bija iedzimtas sp\u0113jas un prasmes. Vi\u0146a izmantoja D\u017eunga<\/a> teorijas, lai izp\u0113t\u012btu psihod\u0113lisko apzi\u0146u, ko vi\u0146a tik labi iepazina. Vi\u0146a izstr\u0101d\u0101ja pla\u0161as teorijas, kuru pamat\u0101 bija Junga \"\u0113nas\" koncepcija. \u0112nu \"es\" veido t\u0101s m\u016bsu da\u013cas, kuras esam apspiedu\u0161i vai sl\u0113pu\u0161i sabiedr\u012bbas spiediena, audzin\u0101\u0161anas, vides vai citu faktoru d\u0113\u013c. Neraugoties uz to, ka \u0161ie elementi ir izstumti no redzesloka, tie joproj\u0101m ir da\u013ca no mums, un tie var par\u0101d\u012bties, kad esam satraukti, dusm\u012bgi vai pak\u013cauti spiedienam. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(Foto - Rene B\u00f6hmer on Unsplash<\/em>)<\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anna zin\u0101ja, ka psihod\u0113liskie l\u012bdzek\u013ci var b\u016bt l\u012bdzeklis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Junga darbu l\u012bniju Anna uzskat\u012bja, ka, lai pacients patiesi izvese\u013cotos, ir j\u0101atz\u012bst un j\u0101integr\u0113 \u0161\u012bs \u0113nu es\u012bbas. Vi\u0146a ar\u012b uzskat\u012bja, ka psihed\u0113li\u0137i, piem\u0113ram, MDMA, ir galvenais instruments, lai to pan\u0101ktu. Anna bija viena no pirmaj\u0101m, kas atkl\u0101ja, ka MDMA kombin\u0101cij\u0101 ar psihoterapiju un\/vai hipnoterapiju var pal\u012bdz\u0113t pacientam nekritiski, ar emp\u0101tiju un m\u012blest\u012bbu izp\u0113t\u012bt sevi - tie\u0161i tas, kas nepiecie\u0161ams m\u016bsu \u0113nu es\u012bbas integr\u0113\u0161anai. 2019. gada Sievie\u0161u vizion\u0101ru kongres\u0101, skaidrojot psihed\u0113li\u0137u p\u0101rveidojo\u0161o sp\u0113ku, vi\u0146a teica;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Cilv\u0113kus, kas p\u0113ta savu apzi\u0146u, izmantojot vizion\u0101ros augus un psihed\u0113lisk\u0101s narkotikas, var iedal\u012bt div\u0101s grup\u0101s - tie, kas lieto \u0161os materi\u0101lus, lai izklaid\u0113tos un atp\u016bstos, un tie, kas tos lieto k\u0101 da\u013cu no sava gar\u012bg\u0101 ce\u013ca, lai p\u0101rbaud\u012btu un saprastu sevi. Paties\u012bbu sakot, liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca cilv\u0113ku lieto abas \u0161\u012bs vielas. Neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, kas j\u016bs motiv\u0113 grauzt s\u0113nes vai dzert ayahuasca t\u0113ju, agr\u0101k vai v\u0113l\u0101k j\u016bs sastapsieties ar p\u016b\u0137i un d\u0113moniem sav\u0101 dv\u0113sel\u0113.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

PIHKAL: \u0137\u012bmiskais m\u012blas st\u0101sts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c darba terapeites amat\u0101 Anna piev\u0113rs\u0101s rakstniec\u012bbai, lekciju las\u012b\u0161anai un m\u0101c\u012b\u0161anai. Kop\u0101 ar Sa\u0161u vi\u0146a ir vair\u0101ku gr\u0101matu un publik\u0101ciju autore. Starp t\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161i j\u0101izce\u013c PIHKAL: \u0137\u012bmiskais m\u012blas st\u0101sts <\/em>un TIHKAL: Turpin\u0101jums. PIHKAL, <\/em>kas izdota 1991. gad\u0101, ir divda\u013c\u012bga gr\u0101mata. Pirm\u0101 da\u013ca ir izdom\u0101ta autobiogr\u0101fija par p\u0101ri, kuri pa\u0161i sevi d\u0113v\u0113 par \"\u0160uras\" un \"Alises\" pseidon\u012bmiem. Tom\u0113r par b\u0113d\u012bgi slavenu k\u013cuva otr\u0101 da\u013ca. Taj\u0101 bija aprakst\u012bti 179 psihed\u0113liskie savienojumi, no kuriem daudzus atkl\u0101ja Sa\u0161a, k\u0101 ar\u012b detaliz\u0113ti nor\u0101d\u012bjumi par to, k\u0101 tos sintez\u0113t, to devas un biolo\u0123iskie testi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ulgina v\u0113rt\u0113\u0161anas skala<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Otraj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 tika iek\u013cauta ar\u012b tagad jau ikonisk\u0101 \"\u0160ulgina v\u0113rt\u0113juma skala\", kas pirmo reizi public\u0113ta 1986. gad\u0101 \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 Metodes un atkl\u0101jumi eksperiment\u0101laj\u0101 un kl\u012bniskaj\u0101 farmakolo\u0123ij\u0101 <\/em>\u017eurn\u0101ls. T\u0101 bija paz\u012bstama ar\u012b k\u0101 \"kvantitat\u012bv\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas skala\" un tika izstr\u0101d\u0101ta k\u0101 vienk\u0101r\u0161s veids, k\u0101 zi\u0146ot par psihoakt\u012bvo vielu iedarb\u012bbu noteikt\u0101 dev\u0101 un noteikt\u0101 laik\u0101. V\u0113rt\u0113jumus izstr\u0101d\u0101ja, Annai, \u0160a\u0161am un vi\u0146u kol\u0113\u0123iem veicot pla\u0161us eksperimentus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160eit ir \u0160ulgina nov\u0113rt\u0113juma skala piln\u0101 redakcij\u0101, kas public\u0113ta \u017eurn\u0101l\u0101 PIHKAL:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u012aNUS VIENS<\/strong> (-) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c kvantitat\u012bv\u0101s iedarb\u012bbas skalas (-, \u00b1, +, ++, +++) iedarb\u012bba netika nov\u0113rota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS\/MINUS<\/strong> (\u00b1)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Z\u0101\u013cu efektivit\u0101tes l\u012bmenis, kas nor\u0101da uz robe\u017ev\u0113rt\u012bbu. Ja liel\u0101ka deva izraisa liel\u0101ku reakciju, tad plus\/m\u012bnus (\u00b1) ir sp\u0113k\u0101. Ja liel\u0101ka deva nerada nek\u0101du reakciju, tad tas bija viltus pozit\u012bvs rezult\u0101ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS ONE<\/strong> (+)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Z\u0101les ir diezgan noteikti akt\u012bvs. Hronolo\u0123iju var noteikt ar zin\u0101mu precizit\u0101ti, bet z\u0101\u013cu iedarb\u012bbas raksturs v\u0113l nav skaidrs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS DIVI<\/strong> (++)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Gan hronolo\u0123ija, gan z\u0101\u013cu iedarb\u012bbas raksturs ir nep\u0101rprotami redzams. Ta\u010du jums joproj\u0101m ir zin\u0101ma izv\u0113le, vai piekrit\u012bsiet \u0161im piedz\u012bvojumam, vai dr\u012bz\u0101k vienk\u0101r\u0161i turpin\u0101siet \u012bstenot savus parastos dienas pl\u0101nus (ja esat pieredz\u0113jis p\u0113tnieks, tas ir). Ietekmei var pie\u0161\u0137irt domin\u0113jo\u0161u lomu vai ar\u012b to var apspiest un padar\u012bt sekund\u0101ru attiec\u012bb\u0101 pret cit\u0101m izv\u0113l\u0113taj\u0101m darb\u012bb\u0101m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS TRE\u0160I<\/strong> (+++)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ne tikai z\u0101\u013cu darb\u012bbas hronolo\u0123ija un raksturs ir diezgan skaidrs, bet ar\u012b to darb\u012bbas ignor\u0113\u0161ana vairs nav iesp\u0113jama. Subjekts ir piln\u012bb\u0101 iesaist\u012bts pieredz\u0113, lab\u0101k\u0101 vai slikt\u0101k\u0101 noz\u012bm\u0113.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PLUS FOUR<\/strong> (++++) <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Reti sastopams un v\u0113rt\u012bgs transcendent\u0101ls st\u0101voklis, ko cit\u0101s kult\u016br\u0101s d\u0113v\u0113 par \"maksim\u0101lo pieredzi\", \"reli\u0123isko pieredzi\", \"dievi\u0161\u0137o p\u0101rv\u0113rt\u012bbu\", \"samadhi st\u0101vokli\" un daudzus citus nosaukumus. Tas nav saist\u012bts ar +1, +2 un +3 narkotiku intensit\u0101tes m\u0113r\u012b\u0161anas r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101jiem. Tas ir sv\u0113tlaimes st\u0101voklis, l\u012bdzdal\u012bbas mistika, saikne gan ar iek\u0161\u0113jo, gan \u0101r\u0113jo Visumu, kas ir radusies p\u0113c psihed\u0113lisk\u0101s narkotikas iedzer\u0161anas, bet kas ne vienm\u0113r ir atk\u0101rtojama, iedzerot to pa\u0161u narkotiku v\u0113l\u0101k. Ja k\u0101dreiz tiktu atkl\u0101ta narkotika (vai metode, vai process), kas visiem cilv\u0113kiem past\u0101v\u012bgi rad\u012btu plus \u010detru pieredzi, ir iesp\u0113jams, ka tas liecin\u0101tu par cilv\u0113cisk\u0101 eksperimenta gal\u012bgo evol\u016bciju un, iesp\u0113jams, t\u0101 beigas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ulginu mantojums<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0113c Sa\u0161as n\u0101ves 2014. gad\u0101 Anna k\u013cuva par vi\u0146u kop\u012bg\u0101 mantojuma turpin\u0101t\u0101ju. V\u0113l pirms p\u0101ris gadiem Ann bija lieciniece jaun\u0101s psihed\u0113lisk\u0101s renesanses s\u0101kumam, un v\u0113l pirms p\u0101ris gadiem vi\u0146a las\u012bja lekcijas, aizst\u0101vot psihed\u0113lisko terapiju ar psihod\u0113lisko l\u012bdzek\u013cu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Vi\u0146u atcer\u0113sies k\u0101 da\u013cu no dinamisk\u0101 dueta, k\u0101 ar\u012b k\u0101 psihed\u0113lisk\u0101s terapijas pionieri: ikviens psihed\u0113lisk\u0101s terapijas seanss, kas notiek m\u016bsdien\u0101s, ir pateicoties vi\u0146as p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, izt\u0113lei un emp\u0101tijai. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(izmantojot Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ann Shulgin: 1931 - 2022<\/em><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pag\u0101ju\u0161aj\u0101 ned\u0113\u013c\u0101, 2022. gada 9. j\u016blij\u0101, m\u016b\u017e\u012bb\u0101 aizg\u0101ja Ann Shulgin, psihed\u0113li\u0137u pirm\u0101 p\u0101ra p\u0101rdz\u012bvojus\u012b puse. Kop\u0101 ar savu v\u012bru Aleksandru \"Sa\u0161u\" \u0160ulginu Anna bija da\u013ca no pionieru komandas, kas p\u0113t\u012bja un att\u012bst\u012bja psihed\u0113liku zin\u0101tniski, terapeitiski un gar\u012bgi. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":70925,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-70904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70904"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123140,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/70904\/revisions\/123140"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70925"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70904"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=70904"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=70904"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=70904"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}