{"id":13888,"date":"2020-07-22T14:27:07","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T14:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=13888"},"modified":"2023-05-11T17:56:55","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T15:56:55","slug":"ciuperca-cu-23000-de-sexe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/blog\/the-fungus-with-23000-sexes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ciuperca cu 23.000 de sexe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>De\u0219i este obi\u0219nuit ca ciupercile s\u0103 aib\u0103 mai multe sexe, acest lucru este excesiv chiar \u0219i pentru o ciuperc\u0103. \u021ain\u00e2nd cont de faptul c\u0103 majoritatea animalelor au doar dou\u0103 sexe posibile <em>(sexele fiind pur biologice \u0219i separate de gen)<\/em> care poate duce la o \u00eemperechere \"reu\u0219it\u0103 <em>(adic\u0103 crearea de urma\u0219i),<\/em> poten\u021bialul bazinului de \u00eent\u00e2lniri pentru aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 este uluitor!<\/strong> <strong>Afl\u0103 aici despre ciuperca cu 23.000 de sexe!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-s-your-name-and-where-do-you-come-from\"><em>Cum te cheam\u0103 \u0219i de unde vii?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Deci, cum arat\u0103 acest \"shroom\" excesiv de sexual? Ei bine, este de fapt un tip de putregai alb al lemnului care poate fi g\u0103sit \u00een India, Thailanda, Nigeria, Madagascar \u0219i Indiile de Est.  Ciuperca Splitgill este aparent cauciucat\u0103 \u0219i greu de m\u00e2ncat, majoritatea ghidurilor occidentale desemn\u00e2nd-o ca fiind necomestibil\u0103. Acest lucru nu \u00eei descurajeaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 pe non-occidentali, deoarece ace\u0219tia sunt versa\u021bi \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te ciuperca <a aria-label=\"nedefinit (se deschide \u00eentr-o fil\u0103 nou\u0103)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/articles\/studii-psihedelice\/top-5-ciuperci-medicinale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">medicinal<\/a> utiliz\u0103ri. Ca \u0219i \u00een cazul multor ciuperci, are propriet\u0103\u021bi antifungice \u0219i antibacteriene care o protejeaz\u0103 \u00een mediul s\u0103lbatic, iar acestea sunt foarte benefice pentru oameni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-variety-is-the-spice-of-life\"><em>Varietatea este condimentul vie\u021bii<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u0219adar, \u00een afar\u0103 de faptul c\u0103 varietatea este condimentul vie\u021bii, ce beneficii aduce acestei ciuperci o asemenea abunden\u021b\u0103 de sexe? Ei bine, dup\u0103 cum a spus profesorul Kathie Hodge de la Cornell <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.mycology.cornell.edu\/2010\/06\/02\/a-fungus-walks-into-a-singles-bar\/\" target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"nedefinit (se deschide \u00eentr-o fil\u0103 nou\u0103)\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">statele<\/a> oamenii pot procrea doar cu \"aproximativ jum\u0103tate din oamenii din camer\u0103\". <em>(\u00een func\u021bie de cercul t\u0103u social)<\/em>. C\u00e2nd, ca \u0219i <em>Schizophyllum commune, <\/em>op\u021biunile tale sunt mult mai mari, iar \u0219ansele de reu\u0219it\u0103 a procre\u0103rii cresc foarte mult. Dup\u0103 cum glume\u0219te Hodge, \"...po\u021bi descoperi c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea de pe ringul de dans este un poten\u021bial partener.\"\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-a-bit-of-science\"><em>Un pic de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\"Sexele\" \u00een sine nu se manifest\u0103 ca diferen\u021be fizice \u00een cea mai mare parte, a\u0219a cum am putea asocia cu animalele.Varia\u021biile sunt ascunse \u00een genom, \u00een dou\u0103 loca\u021bii separate, \u00een care se afl\u0103 dou\u0103 alele. <em>(varia\u021bii pe o gen\u0103)<\/em>. Loci <em>(loca\u021bii)<\/em>\u00a0sunt denumite A \u0219i B, \u00een timp ce alelele sunt denumite \"alfa\" \u0219i \"beta\". Astfel, exist\u0103 patru sexe poten\u021biale. Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 mai mult. Fiecare A-alfa\/beta \u0219i B-alfa\/beta poate avea o mul\u021bime de variante diferite, numite specificit\u0103\u021bi. Acest lucru face peste 339 de specificit\u0103\u021bi pentru A \u0219i 64 pentru B. Mii de sexe unice posibile sunt create atunci c\u00e2nd introduce\u021bi cele dou\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-a-fungus-romance\"><em>Un roman cu ciuperci<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Principala prioritate este ca ciuperca s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 un partener de un alt tip de sex. Apoi, ciupercile se unesc \u00een ceea ce se nume\u0219te \u00een mod romantic o \"conexiune cu cle\u0219te\", \u00een care nucleele trec de la o celul\u0103 la alta. \u00cen plus, oricare dintre parteneri poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103 <em>(de exemplu, produce\u021bi o ciuperc\u0103 mic\u0103)<\/em> \u0219i oricare dintre ele poate fi \"tat\u0103l\" urma\u0219ilor. <em>(adic\u0103 s\u0103 ofere ciupercilor echivalentul unei celule de sperm\u0103)<\/em>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-never-a-dull-moment\"><em>Niciodat\u0103 un moment de plictiseal\u0103<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Aceast\u0103 varia\u021bie for\u021bat\u0103 creeaz\u0103 urma\u0219i mai puternici, care sunt mai rezisten\u021bi la boli \u0219i parazi\u021bi, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 specia de ciuperc\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne puternic\u0103 pentru genera\u021biile urm\u0103toare. A\u0219adar, \u00eent\u00e2lnirile \u00een lumea ciupercilor - niciodat\u0103 un moment de plictiseal\u0103.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Not\u0103 lateral\u0103 - exist\u0103 \u0219i o ciuperc\u0103 mortal\u0103, numit\u0103 <em>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/em> care poate <a aria-label=\"nedefinit (se deschide \u00eentr-o fil\u0103 nou\u0103)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/39541-deadly-fungus-mates-with-clones.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">se reproduce cu clone ale sale<\/a>. Sun\u0103 ca o afacere breaker pentru noi...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cent\u00e2lnirile pot fi dificile. Mai ales \u00een timpul \u00eenchiderii. Totu\u0219i, un organism care probabil nu \u00een\u021belege aceast\u0103 lupt\u0103 este o ciuperc\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Schizophyllum commune sau ciuperca \"Splitgill\". Crede\u021bi sau nu, aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 are peste 23.000 de sexe diferite.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-13888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13888"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123872,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13888\/revisions\/123872"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13888"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13888"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13888"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=13888"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}