{"id":12826,"date":"2020-04-29T14:41:54","date_gmt":"2020-04-29T14:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=12826"},"modified":"2023-05-11T18:38:33","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T16:38:33","slug":"ako-psychedelika-formuju-dejiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/how-psychedelics-shape-history\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010carodejnice, v\u00edzie, revol\u00facia: Ako psychedelik\u00e1 formuj\u00fa dejiny"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minul\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 sme oslavovali De\u0148 bicyklov<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 pripom\u00edna prv\u00fd z\u00e1mern\u00fd trip s LSD a ktor\u00fa objavil Albert Hofmann v roku 1943. LSD, na ktorom Hofmann tripoval, poch\u00e1dzalo z l\u00e1tky naz\u00fdvanej n\u00e1me\u013e. \u010co je to v\u0161ak n\u00e1me\u013e? A ako sa mu podarilo z\u00e1kerne formova\u0165 dejiny?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co je to n\u00e1me\u013e?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ergot je prirodzene sa vyskytuj\u00faca huba, ktor\u00e1 rastie najm\u00e4 na ra\u017ei, ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytova\u0165 aj na in\u00fdch obilnin\u00e1ch. Odkedy \u013eudstvo rozvinulo po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, pri\u0161lo do kontaktu s n\u00e1me\u013eom, preto\u017ee obilniny sa r\u00fdchlo stali na\u0161im z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm zdrojom potravy. Na rozdiel od LSD, ktor\u00e9 v podstate nem\u00e1 \u017eiadne fyziologick\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky, je to u n\u00e1me\u013ea pr\u00e1ve naopak. V skuto\u010dnosti je toxick\u00fd. V hist\u00f3rii sa vyskytli pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f \u013eudia za\u017eili halucin\u00e1cie, bolestiv\u00e9 k\u0155\u010de a stavy podobn\u00e9 tranzu. Interpretovali si to bu\u010f ako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, alebo d\u00e9monick\u00e9 posadnutie. \u010co vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zku, ko\u013eko historick\u00fdch udalost\u00ed alebo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch zjaven\u00ed bolo sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch alebo ovplyvnen\u00fdch \u013eu\u010fmi, ktor\u00ed sa potkli na... chlebe? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu sa pozrieme na nieko\u013eko pr\u00edkladov udalost\u00ed z hist\u00f3rie, o ktor\u00fdch vedci dnes tvrdia, \u017ee ich mohol ovplyvni\u0165 n\u00e1me\u013e, \"rohat\u00e9 zrno\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eleus\u00ednske myst\u00e9ri\u00e1<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Eleus\u00ednske myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 boli tajn\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm obradom znovuzrodenia, ktor\u00fd sa konal v starovekom Gr\u00e9cku. Obrady boli tak\u00e9 tajn\u00e9 (preto z\u00e1hady<\/em>), \u017ee aj dnes sa vie len m\u00e1lo o tom, \u010do sa vlastne dialo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obrad bol venovan\u00fd bohyniam Demeter a Persefone a zameriaval sa na m\u00fdtus, v ktorom boh podsvetia H\u00e1des uniesol mlad\u00fa Persefonu. Jej matka Demeter, bohy\u0148a po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva a pr\u00edrody, pros\u00ed Dia o prepustenie svojej dc\u00e9ry. Ten jej vyhovie. Nane\u0161\u0165astie v\u0161ak Persefona po\u010das pobytu v podsvet\u00ed zje 6 semienok gran\u00e1tov\u00e9ho jablka. Za to je prekliata, aby str\u00e1vila 6 mesiacov v roku v podzem\u00ed s H\u00e1desom. Po\u010das t\u00fdchto mesiacov D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r t\u00fa\u017ei po svojej dc\u00e9re a ako bohy\u0148a pr\u00edrody su\u017euje svet studenou zimou. Ke\u010f sa Persefona ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vynor\u00ed z podzemia, zem sa znovu narod\u00ed - rastliny rast\u00fa a krajina je hojn\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u010das tajn\u00e9ho obradu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pilikykeon'<\/a>. N\u00e1poj, ktor\u00fd na po\u010des\u0165 bohyne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstva obsahoval ja\u010dme\u0148. Mnoh\u00ed b\u00e1datelia sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee tento ja\u010dme\u0148 bol infikovan\u00fd n\u00e1me\u013eom, ke\u010f\u017ee z opisov obradu vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee kykeon mal psychotropn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok. Ide o zriedkav\u00fd pr\u00edklad z\u00e1mern\u00e9ho vyu\u017eitia \u00fa\u010dinku n\u00e1me\u013ea. Plat\u00f3n, ktor\u00fd sa na \u0148om s\u00e1m z\u00fa\u010dastnil, uviedol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"na\u0161e myst\u00e9ri\u00e1 mali ve\u013emi re\u00e1lny v\u00fdznam: kto bol o\u010disten\u00fd a zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd, bude b\u00fdva\u0165 s bohmi.\" <\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u010coko\u013evek v skuto\u010dnosti<\/em> je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee na \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov mala hlbok\u00fd vplyv. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tane\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00e1nia<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Opakuj\u00facim sa fenom\u00e9nom v hist\u00f3rii je tzv. \"tane\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00e1nia<\/a>. Tento fenom\u00e9n zah\u0155\u0148al nekontrolovate\u013en\u00fd tanec, ktor\u00fd sa m\u00f4\u017ee pohybova\u0165 od s\u00f3lov\u00e9ho tane\u010dn\u00edka a\u017e po cel\u00e9 komunity a dediny, ktor\u00e9 tancovali, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa nezr\u00fatili od vy\u010derpania alebo v extr\u00e9mnych pr\u00edpadoch nezomreli. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie sa tento jav vyskytoval v 14. a\u017e 17. storo\u010d\u00ed v kontinent\u00e1lnej Eur\u00f3pe, kde \u013eudia tancovali ako v tranze, \u010dasto kri\u010dali a \u0161klbali sa. Mo\u017enou pr\u00ed\u010dinou t\u00fdchto prepuknut\u00ed je otrava n\u00e1me\u013eom. Zn\u00e1ma aj ako ohe\u0148 sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Antona, okrem halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed sp\u00f4sobuje u chor\u00fdch prudk\u00e9 k\u0155\u010de, ktor\u00e9 napodob\u0148uj\u00fa pohyby pri tanci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Johanka z Arku<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Mnoh\u00ed poznaj\u00fa pr\u00edbeh Johanky z Arku, franc\u00fazskeho ro\u013en\u00edckeho diev\u010da\u0165a naroden\u00e9ho v roku 1412, ktor\u00e9 po vypo\u010dut\u00ed hlasov sv\u00e4t\u00fdch viedlo franc\u00fazsku arm\u00e1du a porazilo Angli\u010danov. O samotn\u00fdch hlasoch sa v\u0161ak \u010dasto nepochybuje. Odkia\u013e sa vzali? Boli to naozaj hlasy sv\u00e4t\u00fdch Michala, Margarety a Katar\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 hovorili dospievaj\u00facej Johanke, aby zachr\u00e1nila Franc\u00fazsko? Dnes existuje mnoho te\u00f3ri\u00ed o tom, \u010do skuto\u010dne sp\u00f4sobilo hlasy, vr\u00e1tane schizofr\u00e9nie, tinitu, po\u017eitia belladonna<\/a> a, samozrejme, n\u00e1me\u013e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najm\u00e4 Franc\u00fazsko bolo v\u010faka tepl\u00e9mu podnebiu ohniskom v\u00fdskytu n\u00e1me\u013eov\u00fdch h\u00fab, ktor\u00e9 vo svojich vidieckych komunit\u00e1ch \u010dasto trpelo smrte\u013en\u00fdmi epid\u00e9miami tejto choroby. Je \u0161ialen\u00e9 predstavi\u0165 si, \u017ee arm\u00e1da mohla by\u0165 veden\u00e1 do bitky a \u010falej k v\u00ed\u0165azstvu na z\u00e1klade slov diev\u010da\u0165a, ktor\u00e9 sa pr\u00e1ve potklo o zl\u00e9 cesto! Napriek tomu, \u017ee Johanka mala obrovsk\u00fd podiel na triumfe Franc\u00fazska, bola \u010doskoro potom up\u00e1len\u00e1 na hranici za to, \u017ee bola kac\u00edrka a \u010darodejnica. To n\u00e1s priv\u00e1dza k...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010carodejn\u00edcke procesy v Saleme<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u010carodejn\u00edcke procesy boli v Eur\u00f3pe dlho roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9, pri\u010dom ich po\u010det v\u00fdrazne vzr\u00e1stol v 15. storo\u010d\u00ed a\u017e do konca 18. storo\u010dia. V tomto obdob\u00ed bolo na z\u00e1klade obvinen\u00ed z \u010darodejn\u00edctva zavra\u017eden\u00fdch pribli\u017ene 40 000 \u013eud\u00ed, najm\u00e4 \u017eien. Aj v tomto pr\u00edpade sa ako jeden z vinn\u00edkov spustenia tohto tragick\u00e9ho re\u0165azca udalost\u00ed uv\u00e1dza n\u00e1me\u013e. Vplyv n\u00e1me\u013ea sa v\u0161ak najviac sk\u00famal pri nesl\u00e1vne zn\u00e1mych \u010darodejn\u00edckych procesoch v Saleme, ktor\u00e9 sa konali v Massachusetts v rokoch 1692 a\u017e 1693. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roku 1692 dve mlad\u00e9 diev\u010dat\u00e1 trpeli prudk\u00fdmi z\u00e1chvatmi, halucin\u00e1ciami a pich\u013eavou poko\u017ekou od nevidite\u013en\u00fdch ihiel. Dnes tieto \u0165a\u017ekosti pova\u017eujeme za pr\u00edznaky otravy n\u00e1me\u013eom, ale v tom \u010dase to v malej komunite vyvolalo obvinenia z \u010darodejn\u00edctva. Ke\u010f\u017ee \u010doraz viac obyvate\u013eov mesta za\u010dalo ma\u0165 halucin\u00e1cie, prib\u00fadali \u010fal\u0161ie a \u010fal\u0161ie obvinenia, ktor\u00e9 nakoniec vy\u00fastili do obesenia 19 \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017eno i\u0161lo o masov\u00fa hyst\u00e9riu, mo\u017eno o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa m\u00e1niu, ale jedno je ist\u00e9, \u017ee za to sk\u00f4r mohol n\u00e1me\u013e, ne\u017e, ako sa vtedy hovorilo, \"...\u017ee v Saleme vypustil satana\".<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Teraz je \u010das na kr\u00e1tku lekciu z hist\u00f3rie! Ale nebojte sa, toto nie je norm\u00e1lna dom\u00e1ca \u0161kola v karant\u00e9ne... TOTO je psychedelick\u00e1 dom\u00e1ca \u0161kola.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17782,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-12826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12826"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123908,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12826\/revisions\/123908"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12826"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=12826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}