{"id":14119,"date":"2020-08-18T11:54:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-18T11:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=14119"},"modified":"2023-05-11T17:41:51","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T15:41:51","slug":"zivotopis-profesora-davida-nutta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/biography-professor-david-nutt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017divotopis: Profesor David Nutt"},"content":{"rendered":"<\/p>\n

Ran\u00fd \u017eivot a \u0161t\u00fadium<\/em><\/h2>\n

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David Nutt sa narodil v roku 1951 v Anglicku. Po \u0161t\u00fadiu na Bristolskom gymn\u00e1ziu pokra\u010doval v \u0161t\u00fadiu medic\u00edny na Cambridgeskej univerzite. Potom absolvoval klinick\u00fa prax v nemocnici Guys v Lond\u00fdne. Dokon\u010dil prelomov\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadiu o inverzn\u00e9 antagonisty<\/a> <\/em>v rokoch 1978-1982 pracoval ako klinick\u00fd vedec. Odtia\u013e predn\u00e1\u0161al psychiatriu na Oxfordskej univerzite. V roku 1986 potom odi\u0161iel do USA, kde p\u00f4sobil ako Fogartyho hos\u0165uj\u00faci vedec na N\u00e1rodn\u00fd in\u0161tit\u00fat pre zneu\u017e\u00edvanie alkoholu a alkoholizmus<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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Poradn\u00fd v\u00fdbor pre zneu\u017e\u00edvanie drog<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Po n\u00e1vrate do Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva v roku 1988 sa stal riadite\u013eom psychofarmakol\u00f3gie na Bristolskej univerzite. V\u010faka jeho r\u00f4znorod\u00fdm sk\u00fasenostiam v oblasti farmaceut\u00edk, psychiatrie a zneu\u017e\u00edvania drog sa jeho neskor\u0161ie vymenovanie (v roku 2008)<\/em> ako predseda Poradn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru pre zneu\u017e\u00edvanie drog (ACMD)<\/em> pre britsk\u00fa vl\u00e1du jasn\u00fa vo\u013ebu. Zast\u00e1val aj poz\u00edcie poradcu na ministerstve obrany, ministerstve vn\u00fatra a ministerstve zdravotn\u00edctva. <\/p>\n

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Kontroverzia<\/em><\/h2>\n

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\u010coskoro v\u0161ak Nuttova kari\u00e9ra bude pozna\u010den\u00e1 kontroverziou. V roku 2007 uverejnil \u010dl\u00e1nok v \u010dasopise The Lancet <\/em>s n\u00e1zvom V\u00fdvoj racion\u00e1lnej \u0161k\u00e1ly na hodnotenie \u0161kodlivosti potenci\u00e1lne zneu\u017eite\u013en\u00fdch drog<\/a>.<\/em> V tomto dokumente uviedol, \u017ee alkohol je piatou najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ou drogou po hero\u00edne, koka\u00edne, barbitur\u00e1toch a pouli\u010dnom metadone. V porovnan\u00ed s LSD (klasifikovan\u00e9 ako droga triedy A) <\/em>sa umiestnil na 14. mieste, o dev\u00e4\u0165 miest ni\u017e\u0161ie ako alkohol (\u010do je samozrejme leg\u00e1lne.)<\/em> <\/p>\n

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Jazda na koni vs. ext\u00e1za<\/em><\/h2>\n

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V roku 2009 Nutt publikoval \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nok v \u010dasopise The Lancet. <\/em>To nakoniec viedlo k jeho odvolaniu z vl\u00e1dnej funkcie. Dokument mal n\u00e1zov Equasy - prehliadan\u00e1 z\u00e1vislos\u0165 s d\u00f4sledkami pre s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fa diskusiu o \u0161kodlivosti drog<\/a>. <\/em>Nutt v \u010dl\u00e1nku sk\u00famal, \u017ee jazda na koni je podobne ako u\u017e\u00edvanie drog z\u00e1bavou, ktor\u00e1 je medzi mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi popul\u00e1rna. Obe by mohli ma\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky. Zistil v\u0161ak, \u017ee jazdenie na koni sa pova\u017euje za pseudodrogu, ale \u017ee t\u00e1to leg\u00e1lna a be\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1\u013euba je \u0161tatisticky ove\u013ea nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ia ako rekrea\u010dn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edvanie drog. Pri jazde na koni sa vyskytol jeden v\u00e1\u017eny incident na 350 expoz\u00edci\u00ed. Naproti tomu konzum\u00e1cia ext\u00e1zy mala za n\u00e1sledok jeden v\u00e1\u017eny incident na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 000 expoz\u00edci\u00ed. Nutt uviedol, \u017ee z\u00e1merom \u0161t\u00fadie bolo  \"aby \u013eudia pochopili, \u017ee \u0161kody sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 drogami sa m\u00f4\u017eu rovna\u0165 \u0161kod\u00e1m v in\u00fdch oblastiach \u017eivota\". <\/em><\/p>\n

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9 parametrov po\u0161kodenia<\/em><\/h2>\n

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V j\u00fali 2009 Nutt predniesol predn\u00e1\u0161ku, v ktorej pouk\u00e1zal na dichot\u00f3miu medzi postojom vl\u00e1dy k \u0161kodlivosti niektor\u00fdch drog a skuto\u010dnou \u0161tatistickou \u0161kodlivos\u0165ou t\u00fdchto drog na z\u00e1klade vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Nutt vyjadril svoj n\u00e1zor, \u017ee klasifik\u00e1cia drog (napr. trieda A, B at\u010f.)<\/em> by mali zodpoveda\u0165 skuto\u010dnej \u0161tatistickej \u0161kode, ktor\u00fa sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa. Zopakoval, \u017ee pod\u013ea deviatich parametrov \u0161kodlivosti s\u00fa alkohol a tabak nebezpe\u010dnej\u0161ie ako marihuana, LSD a ext\u00e1za (ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa z\u00e1vislos\u0165, fyzick\u00fa ujmu a soci\u00e1lnu ujmu). <\/em>Bola vydan\u00e1 bro\u017e\u00fara s touto predn\u00e1\u0161kou, ktor\u00e1 bola \u0161iroko dostupn\u00e1. <\/p>\n

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Konflikt medzi vl\u00e1dou a vedou<\/em><\/h2>\n

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To sa v\u0161ak nep\u00e1\u010dilo jeho vl\u00e1dnym zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom a v okt\u00f3bri 2009 bol Nutt prepusten\u00fd alebo \"po\u017eiadan\u00fd, aby odst\u00fapil\" zo svojej funkcie v ACMD. Alan Johnson, vtedaj\u0161\u00ed minister vn\u00fatra, tvrdil \"Bol po\u017eiadan\u00fd, aby odi\u0161iel, preto\u017ee nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vl\u00e1dnym poradcom a bojovn\u00edkom proti vl\u00e1dnej politike.\" <\/em>Toto rozhodnutie sa v\u0161ak nestretlo s priazniv\u00fdm ohlasom \u010dlenov vedeckej komunity. Nuttovo odvolanie viedlo k odst\u00fapeniu Dr. Lesa Kinga, ved\u00faceho chemika v ACMD a poradcu ministerstva zdravotn\u00edctva, ako aj Marion Walkerovej, z\u00e1stupkyne Kr\u00e1\u013eovskej farmaceutickej spolo\u010dnosti v ACMD.<\/p>\n

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John Beddington, hlavn\u00fd vedeck\u00fd poradca vl\u00e1dy Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva, uviedol, \u017ee bol \"dos\u0165 zhrozen\u00fd\"<\/em>  Nuttovo prepustenie a s\u00fahlasil s jeho n\u00e1zormi, \u017ee marihuana je menej \u0161kodliv\u00e1 ako alkohol a tabak, a povedal  \"Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee vedeck\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy s\u00fa \u00faplne jasn\u00e9. S\u00fahlasil by som s nimi.\" <\/em> V mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch sa stal konfliktom medzi vl\u00e1dnou politikou a vedeck\u00fdmi d\u00f4kazmi. <\/p>\n

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Do roku 2010 z\u00edskal Nutt dostatok finan\u010dn\u00fdch prostriedkov na zalo\u017eenie Nez\u00e1visl\u00fd vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdbor pre drogy (nesk\u00f4r premenovan\u00fd na DrugScience).  <\/em>Organiz\u00e1cia zah\u0155\u0148ala \u010dlenov ACMD, ktor\u00ed odst\u00fapili na protest proti Nuttovej v\u00fdpovedi. <\/p>\n

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Vyznamenania a ceny<\/em><\/h2>\n

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 Je dr\u017eite\u013eom a dr\u017eite\u013eom mnoh\u00fdch prest\u00ed\u017enych vyznamenan\u00ed vr\u00e1tane titulu \u010dlena Kr\u00e1\u013eovskej akad\u00e9mie lek\u00e1rov, Kr\u00e1\u013eovskej akad\u00e9mie psychiatrov a Akad\u00e9mie lek\u00e1rskych vedcov. Bol tie\u017e \u00faraduj\u00facim prezidentom Britskej asoci\u00e1cie pre neurovedy a Eur\u00f3pskej rady pre mozog. V roku 2013 bol Nutt ocenen\u00fd Cena Johna Maddoxa<\/a>, ktor\u00e1 sa ude\u013euje t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed presadzuj\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 poznatky a d\u00f4kazy v ot\u00e1zke verejn\u00e9ho z\u00e1ujmu napriek \u0165a\u017ekostiam a nepriate\u013estvu. <\/p>\n

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Psilocyb\u00edn, LSD a Nad\u00e1cia Beckley<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Okrem in\u00fdch projektov Nutt v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti spolupracuje s Amanda Fieldingov\u00e1<\/a> a nad\u00e1cia Beckley. V\u00fdskum sa zameriava na vplyv psychedel\u00edk na prietok krvi mozgom. V roku 2015 Nutt zalo\u017eil crowdfundingov\u00fa str\u00e1nku, aby z\u00edskal peniaze na v\u00fdskum \u00fa\u010dinkov LSD na mozog. Za necel\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 ju podporilo viac ako 1 000 podporovate\u013eov. P\u00f4vodn\u00fd cie\u013e 25 000 libier, ktor\u00fd bol potrebn\u00fd do \u0161t\u00fadie (s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 programu Beckleyho nad\u00e1cie na v\u00fdskum psychedelick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok), <\/em>sa zdvojn\u00e1sobil za menej ako t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148.<\/p>\n

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Preto sa v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 ciele roz\u0161\u00edrili o v\u00fdskum LSD vo vz\u0165ahu k tvorivosti a rie\u0161eniu probl\u00e9mov. Nutt a jeho kolegovia u\u017e vykonali \u0161t\u00fadiu zobrazovania mozgu pomocou magnetickej rezonancie na dobrovo\u013en\u00edkoch, ktor\u00fdm podali psilocyb\u00edn<\/a>- ktor\u00e1 odhalila, \u017ee t\u00e1to zl\u00fa\u010denina zohr\u00e1va \u00falohu v sieti Default Mode Network (DMN). <\/em>DMN je \u010das\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 sa sp\u00e1ja s depresiou, OCD a Alzeimerom, \u010do vedie k ve\u013ek\u00e9mu nad\u0161eniu, \u017ee psychedelik\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri t\u00fdchto stavoch.<\/p>\n

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Brave New World...<\/em><\/h2>\n

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Profesor Nutt sa dodnes ne\u00fanavne zasadzuje za zmiernenie obmedzen\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvania psychedel\u00edk vo vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch. D\u00fafajme, \u017ee to pom\u00f4\u017ee kone\u010dne dosiahnu\u0165 to, \u010do nazval \"odv\u00e1\u017eny nov\u00fd svet psychedelickej psychiatrie\".<\/em><\/p>\n

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Mo\u017eno ste si v\u0161imli, \u017ee meno profesora Davida Nutta je uveden\u00e9 a\/alebo citovan\u00e9 v mnoh\u00fdch na\u0161ich blogoch. Je oporou v \u010dl\u00e1nkoch o o\u017eivenej oblasti psychedelick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok na terapeutick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Kto je v\u0161ak tento zn\u00e1my otvoren\u00fd profesor? A ako jeho pr\u00e1ca neoddelite\u013ene prispela k pokroku vo v\u00fdskume psychedel\u00edk? V na\u0161om \u017eivotopise profesora Davida Nutta n\u00e1jdete v\u0161etko, \u010do potrebujete vedie\u0165 o tomto mu\u017eovi, vedcovi!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-14119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14119"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123862,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14119\/revisions\/123862"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14122"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14119"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=14119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}