{"id":16369,"date":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T15:51:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=16369"},"modified":"2023-11-02T15:00:47","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T14:00:47","slug":"prve-dokazy-o-uzivani-psychedelik-ludmi-v-kalifornii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/earliest-evidence-of-human-psychedelic-use-in-california\/","title":{"rendered":"Najstar\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o \u013eudskom u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed psychedel\u00edk sa na\u0161li v kalifornskej jaskyni"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O tis\u00edce rokov nesk\u00f4r mohli v\u00fdskumn\u00edci <strong>rozl\u00faskol z\u00e1hadu<\/strong>. \u010cerven\u00e1 farba <em>\"pinwheel\"<\/em> sa pripisuje psychedelick\u00e9mu kvetu, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Datura_wrightii\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Datura wrightii<\/a><\/strong>, zn\u00e1my t\u00fdm, \u017ee ho obradne pou\u017e\u00edvali \u010cuma\u0161i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00f4ra m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fs.fed.us\/wildflowers\/pollinators\/pollinator-of-the-month\/hawk_moths.shtml\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>mo\u013ea jastrabia<\/strong> <\/a>ktor\u00e9 sa napili nekt\u00e1ru Datura vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00faceho trip, a tak mali opit\u00fd, tane\u010dn\u00fd let<em> <\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ie d\u00f4kazy o d\u00e1vnom u\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed psychedel\u00edk s\u00fa nalepen\u00e9 na stropoch jask\u00fd\u0148 v podobe <strong>ponuky<\/strong>alebo 400 rokov star\u00e9 hrudky roz\u017eut\u00fdch drog. Tie obsahuj\u00fa <strong>skopolam\u00edn<\/strong> a <strong>atrop\u00edn<\/strong>, chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 oh\u00fdbaj\u00fa myse\u013e, obsiahnut\u00e9 v daturach. Zo \u0161t\u00fadie \u010falej vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...piktogramy pravdepodobne neboli sebaprezent\u00e1ciami \u0161amanov v tranze, ale sk\u00f4r ikonografick\u00fdmi obrazmi vych\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi z mytol\u00f3gie...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ide o prv\u00fd d\u00f4kaz u\u017e\u00edvania halucinog\u00e9nov \u013eu\u010fmi v prehistorickej jaskyni. Pre\u010do sa v\u0161ak na\u0161i prv\u00ed psychonauti zamerali pr\u00e1ve na Datura? Bol sn\u00e1\u010f tento kvet uctievan\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg\" alt=\"kresba \u010dervenej jaskyne ved\u013ea fotografie kvitn\u00facej datury\" class=\"wp-image-159700\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-300x173.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-18x10.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/datura-flower-pinwheel-cave-600x345.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Pinwheel Cave v Kalifornii, kde spojili \u010derven\u00fa \u0161pir\u00e1lu s \u010darovn\u00fdm kvetom. V\u0161imnite si tvaru rozv\u00edjaj\u00facich sa okvetn\u00fdch l\u00edstkov... (Foto: Melissa Dabulamanzi)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-magic-flower\"><em> Magick\u00fd kvet<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura bola rozpusten\u00e1 ako \u010daj s n\u00e1zvom <strong>toloache<\/strong>, ktor\u00fd pili mlad\u00ed chlapci ako ritu\u00e1l prechodu. Jej halucinog\u00e9ny im umo\u017e\u0148ovali pr\u00edstup k <em>\"nether realm\"<\/em>. Kvetina v\u0161ak bola \u010darovn\u00e1 aj in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Taktie\u017e zn\u00e1my ako <strong>thornapple<\/strong> a<strong> imsonweed<\/strong>, Datura otv\u00e1ra okvetn\u00e9 l\u00edstky len za s\u00famraku a na \u00fasvite, cez de\u0148 ich zatv\u00e1ra. \u010cerven\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la pravdepodobne zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje kvet Datura <em>\"prebudenie\"<\/em>, uviedli v\u00fdskumn\u00edci:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Datura sa mohla u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivota z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov, vr\u00e1tane z\u00edskania nadprirodzenej sily na lie\u010denie, na potla\u010denie negat\u00edvnych nadprirodzen\u00fdch udalost\u00ed, na odohnanie duchov a na videnie bud\u00facnosti alebo n\u00e1jdenie straten\u00fdch predmetov...\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa datura pestuje ako be\u017en\u00e1 z\u00e1hradn\u00e1 rastlina, a to najm\u00e4 v\u010faka svojim tr\u00fabkovit\u00fdm kvetom. Po skon\u010den\u00ed obdobia kvitnutia vytv\u00e1ra Datura ostnat\u00e9 plody.<em> (preto in\u00e9 meno, thornapple)<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"991\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg\" alt=\"\u010derven\u00fd kvet datura zbl\u00edzka\" class=\"wp-image-159703\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower.jpg 991w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-768x428.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/red-daura-flower-600x334.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 991px) 100vw, 991px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u010cerven\u00fd kvet datury<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1no, v\u00fdlet vyvolan\u00fd Daturou m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 a\u017e 2 dni. Ale pozor! Ke\u010f\u017ee ide o alkaloidn\u00fa rastlinu, jej najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinkom m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 pred\u00e1vkovanie... a smr\u0165 jedom. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 podivn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 Datura <em>je .<\/em> toxick\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-eat-datura\"><em> \u010co sa stane, ak zjete Datura <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Datura wrightii je s\u00edce siln\u00e9 psychedelikum, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky \u010faleko prevy\u0161uj\u00fa jeho k\u00fazlo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pomal\u0161ie <em>(alebo \u0161ialene r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie)<\/em> my\u0161lienky;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161ia motiv\u00e1cia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pr\u00edpadn\u00e1 depresia + \u00fazkos\u0165;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Paranoja s pocitmi <em>\"bl\u00ed\u017eiaca sa katastrofa\"<\/em>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Skreslenie \u010dasu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00danava svalov;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amn\u00e9zia a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Smr\u0165 jedom<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nechajme teda experimenty jaskynn\u00fdm \u013eu\u010fom, dobre?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-the-first-psychonauts\"><em>Prv\u00fd Psychonaut?<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak bola datura tak\u00e1 nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, pre\u010do ju potom kalifornsk\u00ed jaskyniari brali, \u017eili, aby o tom mohli rozpr\u00e1va\u0165, a tak dobre ju ma\u013eovali na svoje jaskynn\u00e9 studne? Neboli sfetovan\u00ed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pre za\u010diatok, umelci pravdepodobne po\u010das kreslenia nefaj\u010dili, preto\u017ee hlavn\u00fd v\u00fdskumn\u00edk <strong>David Robinson<\/strong> povedal pre Live Science:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"Je to ve\u013emi nepravdepodobn\u00e9, preto\u017ee Datura m\u00e1 oslabuj\u00face \u00fa\u010dinky.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Domorod\u00ed obyvatelia boli pravdepodobne im\u00fanni vo\u010di jedu tohto kvetu, ke\u010f\u017ee ho pou\u017e\u00edvali v ka\u017edodennom \u017eivote - a nielen pri ritu\u00e1loch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Archeol\u00f3govia prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t narazili na skaln\u00e9 ma\u013eby v roku 1999 v<strong> Rezerv\u00e1cia Wind Wolves<\/strong> v bl\u00edzkosti Santa Barbary. Pracovn\u00edci objavili \u010derven\u00e9 koliesko a mot\u00fd\u013e nama\u013eovan\u00fd <strong>okrov\u00e1<\/strong>alebo \u010derven\u00fd \u00edl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"839\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"jaskynn\u00e9 ma\u013eby v tvare \u010derven\u00e9ho kolesa, ktor\u00e9 vytvorili \u010cuma\u0161i\" class=\"wp-image-159704\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people.jpeg 839w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-300x136.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-768x347.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-18x8.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/cave-painting-by-the-chamush-people-600x271.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">\u010eal\u0161ia neuverite\u013en\u00e1 jaskynn\u00e1 ma\u013eba \u010cuma\u0161ov v tej istej oblasti, kde sa na\u0161lo \"\u010derven\u00e9 koliesko\". (cez Wikip\u00e9diu)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Podobne ako Michelangelove diela v Sixt\u00ednskej kaplnke, aj skaln\u00e9 ma\u013eby pomohli p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm obyvate\u013eom <em>\"dosta\u0165 sa do n\u00e1lady\"<\/em> na ich duchovn\u00fa cestu. Halucinog\u00e9nna sila datury nebola ur\u010den\u00e1 len pre \u0161amanov, ale pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ju potrebovali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em>\"...je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee \u017eutie Datura mohlo s\u00favisie\u0165 s in\u00fdmi skupinov\u00fdmi obradmi, napr\u00edklad s pr\u00edpravou na loveck\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-pale-cyan-blue-color has-text-color\" id=\"h-rare-piece-of-psychedelic-history\"><em>Vz\u00e1cny k\u00fasok psychedelickej hist\u00f3rie <\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie str\u00e1nky <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/explainer-what-is-radiocarbon-dating-and-how-does-it-work-9690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">r\u00e1diokarb\u00f3nov\u00e9 datovanie<\/a><\/strong>, sa zistilo, \u017ee jasky\u0148a sa pou\u017e\u00edvala od roku 1600 do konca 19. storo\u010dia.  A nebola ur\u010den\u00e1 len na ritu\u00e1ly alebo \u0161peci\u00e1lne pr\u00edle\u017eitosti. Na\u0161li sa aj <strong>vyrovn\u00e1va\u010de hriade\u013eov \u0161\u00edpok<\/strong> <em>(\u010do m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 pr\u00edpravu na lov)<\/em>, <strong>mlet\u00e9 semen\u00e1<\/strong> <em>(zo skladu potrav\u00edn)<\/em>a <strong>zvieracie kosti<\/strong> zvy\u0161ky jed\u00e1l. Fascinuj\u00face, v\u0161ak?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na\u0161i predkovia nielen\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvali psychedelik\u00e1, ale ich aj uctievali a zah\u0155\u0148ali ich k\u00fazlo do ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. A hoci dnes vieme, \u017ee Datura je smrte\u013ene nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, jej \u010derven\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la <em>ur\u010dite<\/em> sa jasne zap\u00edsali do psychedelickej hist\u00f3rie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"709\" height=\"339\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg\" alt=\"obraz \u010duma\u0161skej spolo\u010dnosti s tkan\u00fdmi chatr\u010dami a \u010dlnmi\" class=\"wp-image-159707\" style=\"width:841px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people.jpeg 709w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-300x143.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-18x9.jpeg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/chamush-people-600x287.jpeg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 709px) 100vw, 709px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Rekre\u00e1cia \u010duma\u0161skej spolo\u010dnosti<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010co si mysl\u00edte? Zmenil tento objav v\u00e1\u0161 poh\u013ead na starovek\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak sa chcete dozvedie\u0165 viac o tom, ako sa \u013eudia v hist\u00f3rii potk\u00fdnali, pozrite si <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/articles\/psychedelicke-studie\/dokazy-o-pouzivani-psychedelik-v-starovekych-civilizaciach\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">D\u00f4kazy o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed psychedelick\u00fdch l\u00e1tok v starovek\u00fdch civiliz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch<\/a>!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kedysi d\u00e1vno \u017eili domorod\u00e9 kmene v Kalifornii v jaskyniach. A v noci sa nepozerali na hviezdy na oblohe, ale na jasne \u010derven\u00fa ma\u013ebu vetrn\u00edka a mo\u013ea so \u0161irok\u00fdmi o\u010dami.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":16372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-16369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16369"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":159709,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16369\/revisions\/159709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16369"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16369"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=16369"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}