{"id":176851,"date":"2024-01-18T17:43:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-18T16:43:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=176851"},"modified":"2024-01-18T17:49:39","modified_gmt":"2024-01-18T16:49:39","slug":"sposobila-smrt-dinosaurov-ze-sa-huby-stali-psychedelickymi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/did-the-death-of-the-dinosaurs-cause-mushrooms-to-become-psychedelic\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00f4sobila smr\u0165 dinosaurov, \u017ee sa huby stali psychedelick\u00fdmi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V ned\u00e1vna \u0161t\u00fadia<\/a>, uverejnen\u00e9 v Zborn\u00edk N\u00e1rodnej akad\u00e9mie vied, <\/em>v\u00fdskumn\u00edci analyzovali gen\u00f3my viac ako 50 h\u00fab patriacich do skupiny Psilocybe <\/em>rod. Takmer v\u0161etky huby rodu Psilocybe <\/em>rod (ako vedia t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa trochu mykologick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed)<\/em> obsahuj\u00fa psychedelick\u00e9 zl\u00fa\u010deniny psilocyb\u00edn a psiloc\u00edn.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vpred <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je neuverite\u013en\u00e9, \u017ee napriek v\u00fdznamnej celosvetovej pozornosti, ktor\u00fa psilocyb\u00edn z\u00edskal - v\u010faka svojmu vzru\u0161uj\u00facemu potenci\u00e1lu ako lie\u010dby du\u0161evn\u00e9 ochorenie<\/a> alebo v paliat\u00edvna starostlivos\u0165<\/a> - ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo z pribli\u017ene 165 Psilocybe <\/em>druhy boli doteraz \u0161tudovan\u00e9. Je to do zna\u010dnej miery sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 stigmou a nepochopen\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 obklopuj\u00fa psychedelik\u00e1 a ktor\u00e9 sa len ned\u00e1vno za\u010dali odstra\u0148ova\u0165. V tejto \u0161t\u00fadii bola vykonan\u00e1 genomick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza 52 Psilocybe <\/em>vr\u00e1tane 39 druhov, ktor\u00e9 e\u0161te nikdy neboli sekvenovan\u00e9, je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokom vpred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bryn Dentinger, spoluautor \u0161t\u00fadie a kur\u00e1tor mykol\u00f3gie v Pr\u00edrodovednom m\u00fazeu v Utahu, uviedol;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Genomika je to, \u010do potrebujete na skuto\u010dn\u00e9 presk\u00famanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch jedine\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed t\u00fdchto r\u00f4znych druhov... Posunuli sme to tak \u010faleko, ako sme len mohli, s \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtom druhov a vzoriek.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Magick\u00e9 huby: Ove\u013ea star\u0161ie, ako si mysl\u00edte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dentinger a jeho t\u00edm tie\u017e zistili, \u017ee huby Psilocybe <\/em>rod vznikol pribli\u017ene pred 65 mili\u00f3nmi rokov. Nezab\u00fadajte, \u017ee prv\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 druhy sa objavili pribli\u017ene pred 2 mili\u00f3nmi rokov, pri\u010dom modern\u00e9 Homo sapiens<\/em> (AKA, ty a ja) <\/em>sa vyvinul len pred 300 000 rokmi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee magick\u00e9 huby produkovali tripy u\u017e 63 mili\u00f3nov rokov predt\u00fdm, ako sa na p\u00e1rty objavilo \u010doko\u013evek humanoidn\u00e9! Pred touto \u0161t\u00fadiou vedci nemali presn\u00fd odhad, kedy sa psychedelick\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u00fdchto h\u00fab objavili. Toto zistenie datuje huby ove\u013ea \u010falej do minulosti, ne\u017e sa predt\u00fdm predpokladalo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
cez Public Domain<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do sa huby stali psychedelick\u00fdmi? <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Okrem toho vedci zistili, \u017ee tieto huby vyvinuli dva nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby v\u00fdroby psilocyb\u00ednu, z ktor\u00fdch jeden bol predt\u00fdm nezn\u00e1my. V g\u00e9novom zoskupen\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 produkuje psilocyb\u00edn, sa na\u0161li dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 g\u00e9nov\u00e9 rady. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee na evolu\u010dnej ceste psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab existovali dve nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 snahy o v\u00fdvoj psilocyb\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u010do boli tieto huby tak\u00e9 odhodlan\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 triptych psilocyb\u00ednu, \u017ee si na jeho z\u00edskanie vytvorili nie jeden, ale dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 g\u00e9nov\u00e9 rady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci tie\u017e sk\u00famali mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u00f4vody, pre\u010do Psilocybe <\/em>huby sa vyvinuli tak, aby mali psychotropn\u00fa funkciu. A \u00faprimne povedan\u00e9, pre\u010do by to malo by\u0165 pre huby prospe\u0161n\u00e9, st\u00e1le nie je jasn\u00e9, pokia\u013e ide o presved\u010div\u00e9 d\u00f4kazy. Molekul\u00e1rna \u0161trukt\u00fara psilocyb\u00ednu napodob\u0148uje seroton\u00edn a via\u017ee sa na seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory cicavcov, ktor\u00ed tieto huby konzumuj\u00fa, ako dobre vieme. Najpravdepodobnej\u0161ia alebo najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ia te\u00f3ria je, \u017ee psychedelick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 po\u017eit\u00edm huby p\u00f4sobia ako odstra\u0161uj\u00faci prostriedok alebo ako chemick\u00e1 obrana proti hmyzu. To sa v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nepodarilo vedecky overi\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sp\u00f4sobila smr\u0165 dinosaurov hub\u00e1rsky boom?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to te\u00f3ria n\u00e1s v\u0161ak vedie k tomu, na \u010do ste \u010dakali - dinosaurom. Paleontol\u00f3govia medzi nami (a kto n\u00edm nebol, ke\u010f mal 7 rokov?) <\/em>mohol uzna\u0165, \u017ee Pred 65 mili\u00f3nmi rokov<\/em> nie je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 len preto, \u017ee ide o novoobjaven\u00e9 d\u00e1tum narodenia psilocyb\u00ednu. Je to aj d\u00e1tum, ke\u010f do Zeme narazil asteroid, \u010do viedlo k ukon\u010deniu vl\u00e1dy dinosaurov na tejto plan\u00e9te. V podstate, ke\u010f vyhynuli dinosaury, huby sa dostali do tripu. N\u00e1hoda? T\u00edto vedci si myslia, \u017ee nie.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hypot\u00e9za o ulitn\u00edkovi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Autori tejto \u0161t\u00fadie bud\u00fa \u010falej pripravova\u0165 experimenty na overenie takzvanej \"hypot\u00e9zy o gastrop\u00f3doch\". Pod\u013ea tejto te\u00f3rie sa psilocyb\u00edn v hub\u00e1ch vyvinul preto, aby ich slim\u00e1ky nejedli. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti s\u00fa slim\u00e1ky v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm pred\u00e1torom h\u00fab. Av\u0161ak po dopade asteroidu na Zem pred 65 mili\u00f3nmi rokov zahynuli nielen dinosaury, ale aj v\u0161etky cicavce ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako potkan. To by odstr\u00e1nilo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu prirodzen\u00fdch pred\u00e1torov slim\u00e1kov, \u010do by sp\u00f4sobilo ich rozkvet medzi smr\u0165ou a rozkladom. Zl\u00e1 spr\u00e1va pre chutn\u00e9 huby! Preto museli vymyslie\u0165 obrann\u00e9 opatrenie proti tejto rast\u00facej arm\u00e1de pred\u00e1torov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyvinuli si teda magick\u00e9 huby svoje tripov\u00e9 schopnosti preto, \u017ee n\u00e1raz asteroidu zabil dinosaury, \u010d\u00edm dodal odvahu \"suchozemsk\u00fdm ulitn\u00edkom\", ktor\u00ed na\u0161li nov\u00fd sp\u00f4sob ochrany, ktor\u00fd dnes vyu\u017e\u00edvame my \u013eudia? No... mus\u00edme si po\u010dka\u0165 a uvid\u00edme.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadium h\u00fab men\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 poh\u013ead na svet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0160t\u00fadium h\u00fab, ktor\u00e9 bolo tak dlho podce\u0148ovan\u00e9, u\u017e prinieslo mnoho fascinuj\u00facich poznatkov o hist\u00f3rii na\u0161ej plan\u00e9ty a o v\u0161etkom rozmanitom \u017eivote na nej. \u0160t\u00fadiom a sekvenovan\u00edm psilocyb\u00ednov\u00fdch h\u00fab sa dozved\u00e1me o evolu\u010dnej minulosti, ako aj o bud\u00facnosti lie\u010debn\u00fdch postupov, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 prospe\u0161n\u00e9 pre cel\u00fd svet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ved\u00faci autor \u0161t\u00fadie Alexander Bradshaw zd\u00f4raznil hodnotu ich v\u00fdskumu;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Je nemo\u017en\u00e9 prece\u0148ova\u0165 v\u00fdznam zbierok pre realiz\u00e1ciu tak\u00fdchto \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed. Stoj\u00edme na ramen\u00e1ch velik\u00e1nov, ktor\u00ed str\u00e1vili tis\u00edce hod\u00edn pr\u00e1ce \u013eud\u00ed, aby vytvorili tieto zbierky, aby som mohol nap\u00edsa\u0165 e-mail a po\u017eiada\u0165 o pr\u00edstup k vz\u00e1cnym exempl\u00e1rom, z ktor\u00fdch mnoh\u00e9 boli zozbieran\u00e9 len raz a mo\u017eno u\u017e nikdy nebud\u00fa zozbieran\u00e9,\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
prostredn\u00edctvom Creative Commons<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa sekvenova\u0165 v\u0161etky zn\u00e1me Psilocybe <\/em>vzoriek a spolupracuje s odborn\u00edkmi z cel\u00e9ho sveta. Spolo\u010dne d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee sa im podar\u00ed odhali\u0165 tajomn\u00fd lie\u010div\u00fd potenci\u00e1l magick\u00fdch h\u00fab.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00edm vedcov z USA, Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva a Mexika dokon\u010dil doteraz najrozsiahlej\u0161iu genomick\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadiu magick\u00fdch h\u00fab. Nielen\u017ee polo\u017eili z\u00e1klady pre bud\u00facnos\u0165 psychedelickej terapie, ale mo\u017eno zistili, \u017ee tripy magick\u00fdch h\u00fab m\u00f4\u017eu s\u00favisie\u0165 so smr\u0165ou dinosaurov!<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":176859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-176851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mycology","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=176851"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":176870,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/176851\/revisions\/176870"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/176859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=176851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=176851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=176851"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=176851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}