{"id":189325,"date":"2024-04-18T14:21:23","date_gmt":"2024-04-18T12:21:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=189325"},"modified":"2024-04-18T14:21:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-18T12:21:30","slug":"den-na-bicykli-vylet-ktory-zmenil-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/bicycle-day-a-trip-that-changed-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u0148 bicyklov: V\u00fdlet, ktor\u00fd zmenil svet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-size:21px\"><strong>19. apr\u00edla si pripomenieme 81. v\u00fdro\u010die D\u0148a bicyklov. V rokoch od tohto k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9ho d\u0148a, ke\u010f sa Albert Hofmann vydal na prv\u00fd z\u00e1mern\u00fd trip s LSD - sl\u00e1vne sa vydal na svoju historick\u00fa jazdu na bicykli - sa v oblasti vedy, neurol\u00f3gie, farmakol\u00f3gie, biol\u00f3gie a fyziky odohralo mno\u017estvo pozoruhodn\u00fdch objavov. Od kultov\u00e9ho odhalenia Watsona a Cricka a\u017e po hlbok\u00fd vplyv vizion\u00e1rskych my\u0161lienok Steva Jobsa, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasto pripisuj\u00fa LSD ako v\u00fdznamnej m\u00faze, nespo\u010detn\u00e9 pokroky pretvorili na\u0161u vedeck\u00fa krajinu a preh\u013abili na\u0161e ch\u00e1panie sveta. Bez Hofmannovho odv\u00e1\u017eneho experimentovania na sebe samom by sa mnoh\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto transforma\u010dn\u00fdch momentov mo\u017eno nikdy neuskuto\u010dnili.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-let-s-explore-the-major-discoveries-and-paradigm-shifts-that-have-unfolded-since-that-courageous-voyage-into-the-unknown\">Po\u010fme presk\u00fama\u0165 hlavn\u00e9 objavy a zmeny paradigmy, ktor\u00e9 sa odohrali od tejto odv\u00e1\u017enej cesty do nezn\u00e1ma.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-but-first-a-quick-refresher\"><em>Najsk\u00f4r v\u0161ak kr\u00e1tke osvie\u017eenie...<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Chemik Albert Hofmann, naroden\u00fd v roku 1906 vo \u0160vaj\u010diarsku, prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t syntetizoval LSD <em>(dietylamid kyseliny lysergovej-25) <\/em>v roku 1938. Po ukon\u010den\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadia na univerzite v Z\u00fcrichu sa zamestnal v bazilejskom laborat\u00f3riu, kde mal za \u00falohu vytvori\u0165 zl\u00fa\u010deninu na podporu d\u00fdchac\u00edch a obehov\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Albert-Hofmann.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189339\" style=\"width:279px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Albert-Hofmann.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Albert-Hofmann-230x300.jpeg 230w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Albert-Hofmann-9x12.jpeg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Albert Hofmann <em>(cez Flickr)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Po mnoh\u00fdch pokusoch sa pri Hofmannovom 25. experimente objavilo LSD-25. Napriek tomu, \u017ee vykazoval zn\u00e1mky vzru\u0161enia a radosti u laborat\u00f3rnych zvierat, nepova\u017eoval sa v tom \u010dase za dostato\u010dne v\u00fdznamn\u00fd na pokra\u010dovanie v\u00fdskumu. Av\u0161ak o p\u00e4\u0165 rokov nesk\u00f4r, st\u00e1le s pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00facou zvedavos\u0165ou, sa Hofmann k LSD-25 vr\u00e1til. V roku 1943 po\u010das procesu resynt\u00e9zy n\u00e1hodne po\u017eil mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo, \u010do viedlo k zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym pocitom. Zaujat\u00fd svoj\u00edm z\u00e1\u017eitkom sa rozhodol uskuto\u010dni\u0165 z\u00e1mern\u00fd experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u0148a 19. apr\u00edla 1943 o 16:20 Hofmann \u00famyselne po\u017eil d\u00e1vku, o ktorej si myslel, \u017ee je to mal\u00e1 d\u00e1vka LSD - 250 mikrogramov. Ke\u010f sa dostavili \u00fa\u010dinky, zaznamenal pocity z\u00e1vratu, \u00fazkosti, vizu\u00e1lnych deform\u00e1ci\u00ed a t\u00fa\u017ebu smia\u0165 sa. Vzh\u013eadom na vojnov\u00e9 obmedzenia pou\u017e\u00edvania automobilov bola Hofmannovou jedinou mo\u017enos\u0165ou, ako sa dosta\u0165 domov, jazda na bicykli. V sprievode svojho laborat\u00f3rneho asistenta sa vydal na pozoruhodn\u00fa cestu. Po\u010das jazdy na bicykli Hofmann za\u017e\u00edval intenz\u00edvne halucin\u00e1cie - kaleidoskopick\u00e9 obrazy, pestr\u00e9 farby a meniace sa vzory. Po pr\u00edchode domov sa jeho halucin\u00e1cie zintenz\u00edvnili a be\u017en\u00e9 predmety sa mu zdali pokr\u00faten\u00e9 a hroziv\u00e9. Hofmann sa ob\u00e1val, \u017ee zomiera, a tak zavolal lek\u00e1ra, ktor\u00fd okrem roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch zreni\u010diek nezistil ni\u010d zl\u00e9. Upokojen\u00fd Hofmann za\u010dal vnemy a halucin\u00e1cie prij\u00edma\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-whole-new-world\">\u00daplne nov\u00fd svet...<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148, ke\u010f \u00fa\u010dinok lieku pominul, Hofmanna ohromila novoobjaven\u00e1 kr\u00e1sa sveta okolo neho. Zdalo sa, \u017ee v\u0161etko sa leskne a \u017eiari v novom svetle, akoby sa svet znovuzrodil. Tento mimoriadny z\u00e1\u017eitok viedol Hofmanna k \u010fal\u0161iemu v\u00fdskumu LSD a sk\u00famaniu jeho potenci\u00e1lnych terapeutick\u00fdch a psychologick\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dinkov. Napriek jeho neskor\u0161ej kontroverznej povesti bol Hofmann na\u010falej presved\u010den\u00fd o potenci\u00e1li LSD na pozit\u00edvnu transform\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/morning-sun.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189340\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/morning-sun.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/morning-sun-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/morning-sun-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/morning-sun-600x332.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: Elena Rabkina on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dnes sa 19. apr\u00edl oslavuje ako \"De\u0148 bicyklov\", ktor\u00fd pripom\u00edna Hofmannov prelomov\u00fd experiment a n\u00e1sledn\u00fa sl\u00e1vnu jazdu na bicykli. Je to pripomienka hlbok\u00e9ho vplyvu, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 mal\u00fd n\u00e1hodn\u00fd objav na vedu a kult\u00faru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-now-onto-those-exciting-discoveries\"><em>Teraz k t\u00fdmto vzru\u0161uj\u00facim objavom...<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-chemicals-and-consciousness\">Chemik\u00e1lie a vedomie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V polovici 20. storo\u010dia psychol\u00f3gia a psychiatria pripisovali n\u00e1ladu, t\u00fa\u017eby, pocity, spomienky, spr\u00e1vanie a osobnos\u0165 najm\u00e4 faktorom, ako s\u00fa sk\u00fasenosti z prostredia, udalosti z detstva a nevedom\u00e9 procesy. Mozgov\u00e1 aktivita sa pova\u017eovala za prim\u00e1rne elektrick\u00fa. Pred 40. a 50. rokmi 20. storo\u010dia bola my\u0161lienka, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky v mozgu m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 vedomie, nezn\u00e1ma. Objav a \u0161t\u00fadium psychoakt\u00edvnych l\u00e1tok, ako s\u00fa LSD, DMT a psilocyb\u00edn, v tomto obdob\u00ed spochybnili tieto n\u00e1zory a dali vznikn\u00fa\u0165 odborom neuroch\u00e9mia a neurofarmakol\u00f3gia. To viedlo k rozvoju <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Psychopharmacology\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">psychofarmakol\u00f3gia<\/a> ako vedn\u00e1 discipl\u00edna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Objav LSD v roku 1943 v\u00fdrazne ovplyvnil v\u00fdskum seroton\u00ednu, ktor\u00fd je <a href=\"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neurotransmitters\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">neurotransmiter<\/a> dnes je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee reguluje n\u00e1ladu, sp\u00e1nok, chu\u0165 do jedla a mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 funkcie. Jedn\u00fdm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zisten\u00ed v\u00fdskumu psychedelick\u00fdch drog bolo pochopenie v\u00fdznamu seroton\u00ednu v psychick\u00fdch procesoch. Chemick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara seroton\u00ednu bola identifikovan\u00e1 v roku 1949 a u\u017e vtedy sa vedelo, \u017ee zohr\u00e1va \u00falohu pri prevencii krv\u00e1cania t\u00fdm, \u017ee pom\u00e1ha zr\u00e1\u017eaniu krvi pri po\u0161koden\u00ed tkan\u00edv. Za\u010diatkom 50. rokov 20. storo\u010dia vedci objavili seroton\u00edn v mozgov\u00fdch tkaniv\u00e1ch, \u010do nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee by mohol ma\u0165 \u00falohu aj v mozgov\u00fdch funkci\u00e1ch a vedom\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"639\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-chemistry.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189341\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-chemistry.jpg 639w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-chemistry-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-chemistry-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/brain-chemistry-600x368.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: Pawel Czerwinski on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-lsd-helps-us-understand-the-brain\">Ako n\u00e1m LSD pom\u00e1ha pochopi\u0165 mozog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00da\u010dinky LSD na seroton\u00ednov\u00e9 receptory podnietili z\u00e1ujem o pochopenie toho, ako neurotransmitery moduluj\u00fa funkciu mozgu a spr\u00e1vanie. To viedlo k \u010fal\u0161ej charakteristike seroton\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov v mozgu. V\u00fdskum LSD polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pre \u0161t\u00fadium neurochemick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu n\u00e1lady, vedomia a vn\u00edmania, \u010d\u00edm prispel k n\u00e1\u0161mu ch\u00e1paniu du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia a chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sir John H. Gaddum, britsk\u00fd farmakol\u00f3g, uskuto\u010dnil prv\u00fd v\u00fdskum seroton\u00ednu. V roku 1953 \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t osobne experimentoval s LSD, aby pochopil jeho \u00fa\u010dinky. Tieto vlastn\u00e9 experimenty spolu s jeho laborat\u00f3rnymi \u0161t\u00fadiami o LSD a seroton\u00edne viedli Gadduma k n\u00e1vrhu spojenia medzi LSD a seroton\u00ednom. Ako prv\u00fd navrhol, \u017ee psychedelick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky LSD s\u00favisia s jeho vplyvom na funkciu seroton\u00ednu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-double-helix-structure-of-dna\">Dvojit\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara DNA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Francis Crick, nosite\u013e Nobelovej ceny za genetiku, mal pred viac ako 50 rokmi pod vplyvom LSD pozoruhodn\u00fd objav. Spolu so svoj\u00edm kolegom Jamesom Watsonom sl\u00e1vne ozn\u00e1mili objav dvoj\u0161pir\u00e1lovej \u0161trukt\u00fary DNA po tom, ako sa po chv\u00edli rozbehli zo svojho laborat\u00f3ria do ne\u010falekej kr\u010dmy. Crick sa nesk\u00f4r podelil o to, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edval mal\u00e9 d\u00e1vky LSD na zlep\u0161enie svojho myslenia, a prip\u00edsal tejto psychedelickej l\u00e1tke pomoc pri odhalen\u00ed \u0161trukt\u00fary DNA. Napriek svojmu konven\u010dn\u00e9mu imid\u017eu bol Crick ovplyvnen\u00fd spismi spisovate\u013ea Aldousa Huxleyho o LSD a meskal\u00edne, dokonca sa zasadzoval za reformu drogov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Crickova sk\u00fasenos\u0165 nazna\u010duje mimoriadny potenci\u00e1l zmenen\u00fdch stavov vedomia in\u0161pirova\u0165 prevratn\u00e9 objavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dna-sequences.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189347\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dna-sequences.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dna-sequences-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dna-sequences-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/dna-sequences-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: julien Tromeur on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>V 50. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia vedci pou\u017e\u00edvali term\u00edn \"g\u00e9n\" na ozna\u010denie najmen\u0161ej jednotky genetickej inform\u00e1cie bez toho, aby vedeli, ako vyzer\u00e1 alebo ako funguje. Pr\u00e1ca Oswalda Averyho v roku 1944 potvrdila, \u017ee DNA nesie dedi\u010dn\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu v bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1ch, ale mnoh\u00ed vedci si st\u00e1le mysleli, \u017ee DNA je pr\u00edli\u0161 z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 na to, aby uchov\u00e1vala zlo\u017eit\u00fa genetick\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu. Domnievali sa, \u017ee prote\u00edny s\u00fa pravdepodobnej\u0161\u00edmi kandid\u00e1tmi na t\u00fato \u00falohu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-crick-and-watson-get-molecular\">Crick a Watson z\u00edskavaj\u00fa molekul\u00e1rne<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"759\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/James_D_Watson_and_Francis_Crick.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189346\" style=\"width:289px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/James_D_Watson_and_Francis_Crick.jpg 567w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/James_D_Watson_and_Francis_Crick-224x300.jpg 224w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/James_D_Watson_and_Francis_Crick-9x12.jpg 9w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Watson a Crick<\/mark> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\"><em>(cez Creative Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Crick a Watson \u010doskoro pochopili, \u017ee pochopenie \u0161trukt\u00fary g\u00e9nov je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre pochopenie dedi\u010dnosti a reprodukcie. Na tomto probl\u00e9me za\u010dali spolo\u010dne pracova\u0165 v roku 1951 a nasleduj\u00facich osemn\u00e1s\u0165 mesiacov sa mu intenz\u00edvne venovali. Museli prenikn\u00fa\u0165 do r\u00f4znych vedeck\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, ako je genetika, bioch\u00e9mia, ch\u00e9mia, fyzik\u00e1lna ch\u00e9mia a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencemuseum.org.uk\/objects-and-stories\/chemistry\/x-ray-crystallography-revealing-our-molecular-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">R\u00f6ntgenov\u00e1 kry\u0161talografia<\/a>. Hoci sami experimenty s DNA nevykon\u00e1vali, spojili svoje odborn\u00e9 znalosti z fyziky a r\u00f6ntgenovej kry\u0161talografie. <em>(Crick) <\/em>s v\u00edrusovou a bakteri\u00e1lnou genetikou <em>(Watson)<\/em>. V\u010faka svojmu odhodlaniu a intu\u00edcii, ako aj pr\u00edle\u017eitostn\u00e9mu u\u017e\u00edvaniu LSD, dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee DNA m\u00e1 zlo\u017eit\u00fa a z\u00e1rove\u0148 elegantne jednoduch\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru, dvojit\u00fa \u0161pir\u00e1lu, ktor\u00e1 z nej rob\u00ed k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa molekulu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00dapln\u00e9 vyrie\u0161enie ot\u00e1zky, \u010di bol Crick pod vplyvom LSD, ke\u010f vymyslel \u0161trukt\u00faru dvojitej \u0161pir\u00e1ly DNA, je st\u00e1le n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee sa \u010dasom vyrojili r\u00f4zne \u0161pekul\u00e1cie a anekdoty. Je v\u0161ak preuk\u00e1zan\u00e9, \u017ee LSD m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00e1sadne ovplyvni\u0165 vn\u00edmanie a potenci\u00e1lne pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri vizualiz\u00e1cii zlo\u017eit\u00fdch vedeck\u00fdch a biologick\u00fdch konceptov, ako ukazuj\u00fa na\u0161e \u010fal\u0161ie pr\u00edklady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-pcr-test\">Test PCR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Kary Mullis, zn\u00e1my vyn\u00e1lezcom PCR testu, \u010delil kontroverzii napriek tomu, \u017ee v roku 1993 z\u00edskal Nobelovu cenu. Jeho netradi\u010dn\u00fd pr\u00edstup vr\u00e1tane pou\u017eitia LSD vyvolal vo vedeckej komunite rozruch. Mullis pripisoval LSD z\u00e1sluhu na vzniku my\u0161lienky PCR, prelomovej techniky v molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gii. PCR alebo polymer\u00e1zov\u00e1 re\u0165azov\u00e1 reakcia sp\u00f4sobila revol\u00faciu v genetickom v\u00fdskume t\u00fdm, \u017ee umo\u017enila vedcom amplifikova\u0165 sekvencie DNA. Mullisov tvoriv\u00fd proces ovplyvnen\u00fd jeho z\u00e1\u017eitkami s LSD viedol k v\u00fdvoju testu PCR. N\u00e1pad vraj dostal po\u010das jazdy autom po Kalifornii v roku 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O vplyve LSD na svoje myslenie Mullis uviedol:<em> \"Vyna\u0161iel by som PCR, keby som nebral LSD? V\u00e1\u017ene o tom pochybujem, mohol by som sedie\u0165 na molekule DNA a pozorova\u0165, ako sa polym\u00e9ry m\u00ed\u0148aj\u00fa. \u010ciasto\u010dne som sa to nau\u010dil na psychedelick\u00fdch drog\u00e1ch.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"637\" height=\"369\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/molecule-droplet.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189348\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/molecule-droplet.jpg 637w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/molecule-droplet-300x174.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/molecule-droplet-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/molecule-droplet-600x348.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: zhang kaiyv on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Napriek po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9mu skepticizmu sa PCR testy roz\u0161\u00edrili v\u010faka ich obrovskej u\u017eito\u010dnosti v r\u00f4znych oblastiach vedy. Mullisov pr\u00edspevok mu priniesol uznanie, hoci z biotechnologickej spolo\u010dnosti, v ktorej t\u00fato techniku vyvinul, odi\u0161iel sk\u00f4r, ako sa naplno prejavil jej potenci\u00e1l. Napriek kontroverzi\u00e1m a osobn\u00fdm bojom zost\u00e1va test PCR z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om modernej molekul\u00e1rnej biol\u00f3gie a ovplyv\u0148uje vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum a diagnostiku na celom svete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00edklady, ako je tento, pom\u00e1haj\u00fa uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee rovnov\u00e1ha medzi discipl\u00ednou a z\u00e1bavou m\u00f4\u017ee pri rozumnom postupe vies\u0165 k najprelomovej\u0161\u00edm objavom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-apple-computers\">Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de Apple<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sk\u00fasenosti Steva Jobsa s LSD zohrali v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu pri formovan\u00ed jeho sveton\u00e1zoru a pr\u00edstupu k inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ovplyvnilo v\u00fdvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov Apple. Jobs v mladosti experimentoval s LSD a t\u00fato sk\u00fasenos\u0165 op\u00edsal ako hlbok\u00fa a osvieten\u00fa cestu. Raz poznamenal, <em>\"U\u017e\u00edvanie LSD bol hlbok\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok, jedna z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed v mojom \u017eivote.\" <\/em>Jobs veril, \u017ee LSD otvorilo jeho myse\u013e nov\u00fdm mo\u017enostiam a sp\u00f4sobom myslenia a in\u0161pirovalo ho k tvorivosti a inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m v jeho pr\u00e1ci. Psychedelick\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky Jobsa hlboko ovplyvnili jeho pr\u00edstup k dizajnu a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m. LSD vn\u00edmal ako n\u00e1stroj na roz\u0161\u00edrenie vedomia a napojenie sa na vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 kreativity. Jobs \u010dasto hovoril o d\u00f4le\u017eitosti in\u00e9ho myslenia a prij\u00edmania nekonven\u010dn\u00fdch my\u0161lienok, \u010do boli vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 \u010diasto\u010dne pripisoval svojim sk\u00fasenostiam s LSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jobs sl\u00e1vne vyhl\u00e1sil. <em>\"\u013dudia, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa dostato\u010dne bl\u00e1zniv\u00ed na to, aby si mysleli, \u017ee m\u00f4\u017eu zmeni\u0165 svet, s\u00fa t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed to robia.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"545\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-1024x545.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-768x409.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air-600x319.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/Steve_Jobs_with_MacBook_Air.jpg 1172w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Steve Jobs (cez Wikimedia Commons)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jeho viera v silu LSD, ktor\u00e1 zvy\u0161uje kreativitu a inov\u00e1cie, prenikla do kult\u00fary spolo\u010dnosti Apple po\u010das jej formovania. \u00c9tos spolo\u010dnosti zalo\u017een\u00fd na inov\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, jednoduchosti a dokonalom dizajne mo\u017eno odvodi\u0165 od Jobsovho vizion\u00e1rskeho vedenia a jeho ochoty spochyb\u0148ova\u0165 konven\u010dn\u00e9 myslenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ke\u010f Jobs uva\u017eoval o svojich z\u00e1\u017eitkoch s LSD, raz povedal, <em>\"Bez t\u00fdchto sk\u00fasenost\u00ed by som nebol t\u00fdm, k\u00fdm som, a nemal by som tak\u00fd \u00faspech, ak\u00fd som dosiahol.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sk\u00fasenosti Steva Jobsa s LSD v podstate posl\u00fa\u017eili ako katalyz\u00e1tor jeho nekonven\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m a dizajnu, ktor\u00fd formoval \u00e9tos spolo\u010dnosti Apple a polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady jej prelomov\u00fdch produktov. Jeho ochota myslie\u0165 inak a experimentova\u0165 pomohla spolo\u010dnosti Apple revolucionizova\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd priemysel a zmeni\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm komunikujeme s technol\u00f3giami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-there-are-still-plenty-of-discoveries-to-be-made\">E\u0161te st\u00e1le je tu ve\u013ea objavov!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ci u\u017e ste vedec, umelec, podnikate\u013e, alebo ste jednoducho zvedav\u00ed na svet okolo seba, psychedelik\u00e1 ako LSD a psilocyb\u00edn pon\u00fakaj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 odhali\u0165 poznatky a odomkn\u00fa\u0165 inov\u00e1cie. Tieto l\u00e1tky m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 poh\u013ead do sf\u00e9r tesne za hranicami n\u00e1\u0161ho be\u017en\u00e9ho vn\u00edmania, kde sa skr\u00fdvaj\u00fa tajomstv\u00e1 \u017eivota a vedomia. Zodpovedn\u00fdm a z\u00e1mern\u00fdm prij\u00edman\u00edm zmenen\u00fdch stavov vedomia m\u00f4\u017eeme n\u00e1js\u0165 in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu, kreativitu a nov\u00e9 perspekt\u00edvy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu podpori\u0165 prelomov\u00e9 objavy v akejko\u013evek oblasti \u010dinnosti. Tak\u017ee \u010di u\u017e ide o skuto\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdlet na bicykli, ponorenie sa do t\u00e9my, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1s zauj\u00edma, alebo sk\u00famanie nepreb\u00e1dan\u00fdch kraj\u00edn va\u0161ej mysle s jedn\u00fdm z na\u0161ich <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/obchod\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mnoho produktov<\/a>, pre\u010do sa v tento De\u0148 bicyklov nevyda\u0165 na cestu do nezn\u00e1ma a zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 z\u00e1zraky na v\u00e1s \u010dakaj\u00fa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-189351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-12x12.jpeg 12w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-600x600.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/shrooma-LSD-100x100.jpeg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De\u0148 bicyklov je op\u00e4\u0165 tu! Tento rok sk\u00famame odkaz toho osudn\u00e9ho d\u0148a, v ktorom sa Albert Hofmann vydal na prelomov\u00fa cestu - vo viacer\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":189352,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,88,120],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-189325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-psychedelic-culture","category-psychedelic-studies","category-seasonal-campaign"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189325"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189325\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":189357,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189325\/revisions\/189357"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/189352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189325"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=189325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}