{"id":190725,"date":"2024-05-02T15:40:44","date_gmt":"2024-05-02T13:40:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=190725"},"modified":"2024-05-02T15:41:34","modified_gmt":"2024-05-02T13:41:34","slug":"su-magicke-huby-liekom-na-pesimisticke-predsudky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/are-magic-mushrooms-the-cure-for-pessimism-bias\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00fa magick\u00e9 huby liekom na pesimistick\u00e9 predsudky?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-size:21px\"><strong>V ned\u00e1vnej \u0161t\u00fadii vedci zistili, \u017ee psychedelick\u00e1 terapia m\u00f4\u017ee u jednotlivca zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 pesimizmus a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 pocit optimizmu. Toto zistenie vych\u00e1dza z rast\u00facej oblasti v\u00fdskumu pou\u017e\u00edvania psychedel\u00edk na lie\u010dbu du\u0161evn\u00fdch por\u00fach, ako je depresia a \u00fazkos\u0165. Jednou z najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edch charakterist\u00edk stavov, ako je depresia, je \"sklon k pesimizmu\". Ide o tendenciu \u010dloveka prece\u0148ova\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa stane nie\u010do zl\u00e9, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podce\u0148ova\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165, \u017ee sa stane nie\u010do dobr\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-psilocybin-a-cure-for-pessimism\">Psilocyb\u00edn: Lie\u010dba pesimizmu?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ak <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wiki\/mykologia\/what-is-psilocybin\/\">psilocyb\u00edn<\/a> <em>(z magick\u00fdch h\u00fab a h\u013euzoviek) <\/em>dok\u00e1\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 tieto pesimistick\u00e9 pocity a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 optimizmus, mohlo by to v\u00fdrazne prispie\u0165 k zmierneniu depresie, \u00fazkosti a in\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00fdch por\u00fach. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tie\u017e uva\u017eova\u0165 o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 by mohli ma\u0165 t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed t\u00fdmito \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi stavmi ani netrpia. Ka\u017ed\u00fd sa c\u00edti<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/naucit-sa-jazdit-na-zivotnej-horskej-drahe-s-magickymi-hubami\/\"> niekedy trochu dole<\/a>alebo obavy o bud\u00facnos\u0165 - to je predsa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9ho bytia. Ale nebolo by skvel\u00e9 ma\u0165 na dosah ruky lie\u010div\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd by v\u00e1m dodal trochu viac slnka, trochu viac \u013eahkosti v kroku, aby ste pre\u017eili de\u0148?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-eggs.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191353\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-eggs.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-eggs-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-eggs-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-eggs-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: Nik on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-link-between-pessimism-bias-and-mental-health-issues\">Prepojenie medzi pesimistick\u00fdmi predsudkami a probl\u00e9mami s du\u0161evn\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u0161etci pozn\u00e1me niekoho, kto si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee bojuje so \"smolou\". M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 va\u0161a mama, v\u00e1\u0161 priate\u013e, v\u00e1\u0161 partner, dokonca to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 <em>vy<\/em>. O\u010dak\u00e1vanie negat\u00edvnych v\u00fdsledkov a ne\u00faspechov v \u017eivote je ve\u013emi \u010dast\u00fdm prejavom pesimizmu. Trp\u00ed n\u00edm mnoho \u013eud\u00ed, sp\u00e1ja sa v\u0161ak najm\u00e4 s depresiou a \u00fazkos\u0165ou. Neust\u00e1le o\u010dak\u00e1vanie negat\u00edvnych v\u00fdsledkov alebo preberanie negat\u00edvnych sk\u00fasenost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k pocitom bezmocnosti, bezn\u00e1deje a n\u00edzkej seba\u00facty. Tieto pocity charakterizuj\u00fa depresiu. Neust\u00e1le katastrofizovanie v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee prispieva\u0165 aj k intenz\u00edvnej \u00fazkosti. Preto sa tieto stavy \u010dasto vyskytuj\u00fa spolo\u010dne.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tieto negat\u00edvne pocity neexistuj\u00fa vo v\u00e1kuu. Ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa aj na\u0161e spr\u00e1vanie. Ak je bud\u00facnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa si predstavujete, bez\u00fate\u0161n\u00e1 a pr\u00e1zdna, pln\u00e1 sklamania, ak\u00fd zmysel m\u00e1 potom v\u00f4bec sa sna\u017ei\u0165? M\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165, \u017ee nakoniec budete bojova\u0165 s apatiou, nerozhodnos\u0165ou a stiahnut\u00edm sa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"637\" height=\"382\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pessimism.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191354\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pessimism.jpg 637w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pessimism-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pessimism-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/pessimism-600x360.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: Eric Ward on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-increased-optimism-can-benefit-our-mental-health\">Ako m\u00f4\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd optimizmus prospie\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161mu du\u0161evn\u00e9mu zdraviu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadie zistili, \u017ee vy\u0161\u0161ia \u00farove\u0148 optimizmu je spojen\u00e1 s ni\u017e\u0161ou \u00farov\u0148ou stresu. Existuje tie\u017e s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm optimizmom a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi strat\u00e9giami zvl\u00e1dania, ako aj zv\u00fd\u0161enou soci\u00e1lnou podporou. <em>(m\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 preto, \u017ee optimistick\u00ed \u013eudia s\u00fa pr\u00edjemnej\u0161\u00ed?)<\/em> To v\u0161etko chr\u00e1ni pred depresiou. Ke\u010f \u010delia \u0165a\u017ekostiam \u017eivota, t\u00ed, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 sk\u00f3re v oblasti optimizmu, sa vyh\u00fdbaj\u00fa bezn\u00e1deji, \u010do podporuje dobr\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v oblasti du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Optimizmus sa vyzna\u010duje n\u00e1dejou a vierou v pozit\u00edvnu bud\u00facnos\u0165. Ke\u010f \u010delia probl\u00e9mom - napr\u00edklad ka\u017edodenn\u00e9mu tlaku v pr\u00e1ci, spolo\u010densk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu a povinnostiam - optimisti im \u010delia s pozit\u00edvnymi em\u00f3ciami. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee optimistick\u00ed \u013eudia neza\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa negat\u00edvne em\u00f3cie, ako napr\u00edklad hnev alebo frustr\u00e1ciu. Celkovo v\u0161ak o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee veci dopadn\u00fa dobre. Pesimisti naopak o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa negat\u00edvne v\u00fdsledky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k sm\u00fatku a z\u00fafalstvu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Optimizmus sa sp\u00e1ja aj s mnoh\u00fdmi pozit\u00edvnymi \u010drtami spr\u00e1vania. Patr\u00ed medzi ne lep\u0161ie \"soci\u00e1lne zdravie\", t. j. schopnos\u0165 vych\u00e1dza\u0165 s ostatn\u00fdmi a vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 s nimi zmyslupln\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, ako aj ni\u017e\u0161ia miera zneu\u017e\u00edvania alkoholu a drog.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"633\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-paper-bag.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191355\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-paper-bag.jpg 633w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-paper-bag-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-paper-bag-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sad-paper-bag-600x355.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: arash payam on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-psilocybin-can-reduce-the-pessimism-bias-and-increase-optimism\">Psilocyb\u00edn m\u00f4\u017ee zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 skreslenie pesimizmom a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 optimizmus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6194345\/\">\u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2018<\/a> Robin Carhart-Harris a Taylor Lyons sk\u00famali vplyv psilocyb\u00ednu na pesimistick\u00e9 predsudky. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edkmi \u0161t\u00fadie bolo 15 \u013eud\u00ed s depresiou rezistentnou na lie\u010dbu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich vykazoval na za\u010diatku v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pesimizmus. Toto skreslenie s\u00faviselo s t\u00fdm, ak\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 boli ich depres\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191356\" style=\"width:313px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-12x12.png 12w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/5-17-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pacienti vyplnili dotazn\u00edk Predikcia bud\u00facich \u017eivotn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed <em>(POFLE)<\/em> dvakr\u00e1t, najprv na za\u010diatku a potom t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 po podan\u00ed psilocyb\u00ednu. Pacienti dostali psilocyb\u00edn dvakr\u00e1t - prv\u00e1 d\u00e1vka bola 10 mg a druh\u00e1, o t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 nesk\u00f4r, 25 mg.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V \u00falohe POFLE maj\u00fa \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci predpoveda\u0165 pravdepodobnos\u0165 v\u00fdskytu ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed v priebehu 30 dn\u00ed. Po vykonan\u00ed t\u00fdchto predpoved\u00ed sa uvedie skuto\u010dn\u00e1 miera v\u00fdskytu t\u00fdchto udalost\u00ed. To v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom pon\u00faka obraz o tom, ak\u00e9 pesimistick\u00e9 alebo optimistick\u00e9 s\u00fa ment\u00e1lne postoje \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov na z\u00e1klade toho, ak\u00e9 realistick\u00e9 boli ich predpovede.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-study-finds-participants-pessimism-bias-significantly-reduced\">\u0160t\u00fadia zistila, \u017ee pesimistick\u00e9 predsudky \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov sa v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eili<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Vzru\u0161uj\u00face je, \u017ee v \u00falohe POFLE, ktor\u00e1 bola dokon\u010den\u00e1 t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 po lie\u010dbe psilocyb\u00ednom, sa u pacientov v\u00fdznamne zn\u00ed\u017eil sklon k pesimizmu a depres\u00edvne pr\u00edznaky. Navy\u0161e, zn\u00ed\u017eenie pesimizmu aj depresie spolu v\u00fdznamne s\u00faviselo. Vedci tie\u017e zaznamenali, \u017ee pacienti sa skuto\u010dne stali ove\u013ea presnej\u0161\u00edmi v predpovediach \u017eivotn\u00fdch udalost\u00ed. Cathart-Harris a Lyons dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee <em>\"psilocyb\u00edn s psychologickou podporou by mohol korigova\u0165 pesimistick\u00e9 predsudky pri TRD, \u010do by umo\u017enilo pozit\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed a presnej\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdh\u013ead.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fato \u0161t\u00fadiu potvrdzuje aj predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci v\u00fdskum. A <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0269881116675513\">\u0160t\u00fadia z roku 2016<\/a> sk\u00famal dlhodob\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia pacientov s rakovinou, ktor\u00fdm bol pod\u00e1van\u00fd psilocyb\u00edn. V\u00fdsledky publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise <em>\u010casopis Journal of Psychopharmacology <\/em>uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee vysok\u00e1 d\u00e1vka psilocyb\u00ednu sp\u00f4sobila zv\u00fd\u0161enie optimizmu a zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u00fazkosti. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee tento \u00fa\u010dinok pretrv\u00e1va aj po 6 mesiacoch.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"353\" src=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/happy-sad-balloons.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-191358\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/happy-sad-balloons.jpg 638w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/happy-sad-balloons-300x166.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/happy-sad-balloons-18x10.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/happy-sad-balloons-600x332.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-color\">Foto: Madison Oren on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-can-you-be-too-optimistic\">M\u00f4\u017eete by\u0165 pr\u00edli\u0161 optimistick\u00ed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:21px\">Samozrejme, na to, aby sme sa vo svete dok\u00e1zali presadi\u0165, je potrebn\u00e1 aj trocha pesimistick\u00e9ho realizmu. Preto by ste mohli ma\u0165 druh\u00fd <em>(alebo tret\u00ed) <\/em>v\u00fdberov\u00e1 univerzita. Preto si vezmite d\u00e1\u017ednik <em>a <\/em>opa\u013eovac\u00ed kr\u00e9m na dovolenke. Ak n\u00e1m v\u0161ak psilocyb\u00edn pom\u00f4\u017ee pripomen\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee aj v \u010dasto sivom a zm\u00e4tenom svete, v ktorom sa nach\u00e1dzame, existuje svetlo, potom je ten krok k optimizmu o nie\u010do \u013eah\u0161\u00ed. Aj ke\u010f sa n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee \u017eivot je \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd alebo \u017ee ob\u010das bojujeme, presved\u010denie, \u017ee veci sa zlep\u0161ia, n\u00e1m osvet\u013euje cestu pred nami.&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sna\u017e\u00edte sa na to pozera\u0165 z tej lep\u0161ej str\u00e1nky? M\u00e1\u0161 vyle\u0161ten\u00e9 ru\u017eov\u00e9 okuliare? \u00daprimne povedan\u00e9, v dne\u0161nom svete sa to \u013eah\u0161ie povie, ako urob\u00ed. Ale zachovanie optimistick\u00e9ho myslenia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v skuto\u010dnosti k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre udr\u017eanie dobr\u00e9ho du\u0161evn\u00e9ho zdravia. Presk\u00famame, ako v\u00e1m psilocyb\u00edn m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 by\u0165 o nie\u010do menej O\u010dami...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":191348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-190725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-wholecelium"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190725"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":191367,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190725\/revisions\/191367"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/191348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190725"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=190725"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=190725"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=190725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}