{"id":201624,"date":"2024-07-18T21:27:30","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T19:27:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=201624"},"modified":"2024-07-25T13:49:07","modified_gmt":"2024-07-25T11:49:07","slug":"dva-nove-druhy-magickych-hub-objavene-v-afrike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/two-new-magic-mushroom-species-discovered-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"V Afrike objavili dva nov\u00e9 druhy magick\u00fdch h\u00fab"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno publikovan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok v \u010dasopise Mycologia<\/em>, uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee dva nov\u00e9 druhy magick\u00fdch h\u00fab objaven\u00e9 v Afrike patria do rodu Psilocybe (rovnako ako n\u00e1\u0161 ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd Psilocybe cubensis!<\/a>) <\/em>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci v\u0161ak tvrdia, \u017ee tieto huby sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od v\u0161etk\u00fdch svojich najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch Psilocybe <\/em>pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa u\u017e vede zn\u00e1mi. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psilocybe, <\/em>Kr\u00e1\u013eovsk\u00e1 rodina psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Str\u00e1nka Psilocybe <\/em>rod h\u00fab obsahuje pribli\u017ene 140 zn\u00e1mych druhov. Tento po\u010det zah\u0155\u0148a niektor\u00e9 z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch a naj\u0161tudovanej\u0161\u00edch psychedelick\u00fdch alebo magick\u00fdch h\u00fab. Mnoh\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci tohto druhu produkuj\u00fa zl\u00fa\u010deninu psilocyb\u00edn<\/a> - AKA - rozko\u0161n\u00fd mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje psychedelick\u00e9 tripy pri konzum\u00e1cii \u013eu\u010fmi (a niektor\u00e9 zvierat\u00e1<\/a>!)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
A Psilocybe cubensis <\/em>huby (cez Creative Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Psilocyb\u00ednov\u00e9 huby rast\u00fa v r\u00f4znych klimatick\u00fdch podmienkach na celom svete - vr\u00e1tane skrine do sp\u00e1lne<\/a> - a kl\u00ed\u010dia na r\u00f4znych substr\u00e1toch, ako je drevo, p\u00f4da a hnoj. Napriek tejto glob\u00e1lnej v\u0161estrannosti je len nieko\u013eko zn\u00e1mych druhov p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch v Afrike. Po tomto najnov\u0161om objave ich je teraz celkovo \u0161es\u0165. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dva \u00faplne nov\u00e9 druhy h\u00fab<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mykol\u00f3g a autor \u0161t\u00fadie Breyten van der Merwe z Katedry mikrobiol\u00f3gie na Stellenbosch University v Ju\u017enej Afrike povedal pre Newsweek;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Aj ke\u010f n\u00e1lezy nov\u00fdch africk\u00fdch h\u00fab nie s\u00fa zriedkav\u00e9, pomerne zriedkav\u00e9 s\u00fa n\u00e1lezy nov\u00fdch h\u00fab Psilocybe, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v\u017edy zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 pre amat\u00e9rskych a sk\u00fasen\u00fdch mykol\u00f3gov,\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dva nov\u00e9 objaven\u00e9 druhy boli pomenovan\u00e9 Psilocybe ingeli <\/em>a Psilocybe maluti<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psilocybe ingeli<\/em> prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavil v roku 2023 Talan Moult, samouk mykol\u00f3g, ktor\u00fd je z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedn\u00fdm z autorov \u0161t\u00fadie, na tr\u00e1vnat\u00fdch pastvin\u00e1ch obohaten\u00fdch o hov\u00e4dz\u00ed hnoj v provincii KwaZulu-Natal v Ju\u017enej Afrike. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huba zaujala svoj\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161tnym vzh\u013eadom, pri\u010dom autori poznamenali;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Zmen\u0161en\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 a polgu\u013eovit\u00fd klob\u00fak huby nezodpovedali opisu \u017eiadnej zn\u00e1mej juhoafrickej huby,\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huby miluj\u00face hnoj<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e1 huba, Psilocybe maluti, <\/em>bola prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t zdokumentovan\u00e1 v roku 2021 v juhoafrickej provincii Free State Danielou Mulderovou, ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1hodou videla hubu r\u00e1s\u0165 na hov\u00e4dzom truse. Fotografie poslala Andrewovi Killianovi, \u010fal\u0161iemu juhoafrick\u00e9mu mykol\u00f3govi, aby ich identifikoval. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to huba mala nezvy\u010dajn\u00fd klob\u00fak a nedala sa identifikova\u0165 ako Psilocybe <\/em>vedci zaznamenali u\u017e sk\u00f4r. Van de Merwe povedal Newsweek; <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"P. maluti m\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd klob\u00fak - je podlhovast\u00fd a \u0161picat\u00fd a nikdy sa \u00faplne neotvor\u00ed ako v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina h\u00fab,\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obe str\u00e1nky Psilocybe maluti <\/em>a Psilocybe ingeli <\/em>boli zaslan\u00e9 van der Merweovi, ktor\u00fd vykonal genetick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu. Tieto vy\u0161etrenia pomohli potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee tieto dve huby s\u00fa skuto\u010dne nov\u00e9 druhy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieto dva nov\u00e9 druhy s\u00fa len za\u010diatkom<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Je ve\u013emi pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee existuje ove\u013ea viac Psilocybe <\/em>druhy n\u00e1js\u0165 v ju\u017enej Afrike, pri\u010dom autori p\u00ed\u0161u, \u017ee existuje \"nesporne\" <\/em>viac, \u010do treba zdokumentova\u0165. Zd\u00f4raznili tie\u017e v\u00fdznam pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00fa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa ob\u010dianski vedci pri h\u013eadan\u00ed nov\u00fdch exempl\u00e1rov, a vyzvali viac \u013eud\u00ed, aby sa tomuto kon\u00ed\u010dku venovali. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tla\u010dovej spr\u00e1ve sa van der Merwe s nad\u0161en\u00edm vyjadril o t\u00fdchto oby\u010dajn\u00fdch \u013eu\u010foch s v\u00f4\u0148ou po hub\u00e1ch;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tieto dva druhy mi poslali ob\u010dianski vedci. Pre jedn\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumn\u00edka by bolo nemo\u017en\u00e9 pokry\u0165 len zlomok \u00fazemia, na ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa t\u00edto hub\u00e1rski nad\u0161enci pr\u00edstup. Len tak budeme m\u00f4c\u0165 pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u0161t\u00fadiu africkej mykol\u00f3gie,\"<\/em> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
(cez Unsplash)<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u00fd z\u00e1ujem o kult\u00farne pou\u017e\u00edvanie magick\u00fdch h\u00fab v Afrike<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvanie magick\u00fdch h\u00fab je dobre zdokumentovan\u00e9 v oblastiach, ako je Stredn\u00e1 a Ju\u017en\u00e1 Amerika. V Afrike v\u0161ak existuje len m\u00e1lo spr\u00e1v o obradnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed magick\u00fdch h\u00fab.Objavenie nov\u00fdch druhov psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab pochopite\u013ene viedlo k obnoveniu z\u00e1ujmu o to, ako ich mohli pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 miestne popul\u00e1cie v minulosti aj v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 Po prvom exempl\u00e1ri Psilocybe maluti <\/em>\u010eal\u0161\u00edm p\u00e1tran\u00edm sa na\u0161lo viac rovnak\u00fdch h\u00fab v Lesothskom kr\u00e1\u013eovstve, vysoko polo\u017eenej krajine, ktor\u00e1 je bez pr\u00edstupu k moru v Ju\u017enej Afrike. To viedlo k zdokumentovaniu duchovn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi lie\u010dite\u013emi z etnickej skupiny Bathoso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zbieranie pr\u00edbehov od star\u0161\u00edch a lie\u010dite\u013eov<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci oslovili lie\u010dite\u013eov a star\u0161\u00edch Basotov v bl\u00edzkosti ded\u00edn Laoti a Lejone, aby z\u00edskali nepotvrden\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie a pr\u00edbehy o tradi\u010dnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed Psilocybe maluti. <\/em>\u010eal\u0161ie poznatky a sk\u00fasenosti z prvej ruky poskytol tradi\u010dn\u00fd lie\u010dite\u013e Basotho. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci zistili, \u017ee domorod\u00fd n\u00e1zov pre Psilocybe maluti <\/em>je \"koae-ea-lekhoaba\". Tento dvoj\u010dlenn\u00fd n\u00e1zov sa preklad\u00e1 ako \"tabakov\u00fd pr\u00e1\u0161ok\" (koae), <\/em>odkaz na jeho sp\u00f3ry, ktor\u00e9 farbou a \u0161trukt\u00farou pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa tabak, a \"vrana\" alebo \"vt\u00e1k podobn\u00fd vrane\" (lekhoaba) <\/em>kv\u00f4li tomu, \u017ee vrany a in\u00e9 podobn\u00e9 vt\u00e1ky t\u00fato hubu radi klov\u00fa a konzumuj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Str\u00e1nka Psilocybe maluti <\/em>sp\u00f4sobuje stav podobn\u00fd tranzu a v z\u00e1vislosti od pr\u00edpadu sa konzumuje r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi. Jedn\u00fdm z receptov, ktor\u00fd vzbudil mimoriadny z\u00e1ujem v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, bol psychedelick\u00fd odvar pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faci z ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva Psilocybe maluti <\/em>a vyl\u00fahovanie h\u00fab v teplej vode spolu s Boophone disticha<\/a>, <\/em>vysoko halucinog\u00e9nna rastlina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Str\u00e1nka Boophone disticha<\/em> rastlina (via Wikipedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvaren\u00fd n\u00e1poj pije \u010dlovek, ktor\u00fd sa chce uzdravi\u0165. Potom sa postav\u00ed pred zrkadlo a vyzve sa, aby lie\u010dite\u013eovi op\u00edsal svoje v\u00edzie alebo halucin\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 lie\u010dite\u013e interpretuje ako odpovede a mo\u017en\u00e9 rie\u0161enia duchovn\u00fdch potrieb jednotlivca. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psilocyb\u00ednov\u00e9 huby s\u00fa starobyl\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom lie\u010dby<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Van der Merwe povedal;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee toto je jedin\u00e1 zaznamenan\u00e1 spr\u00e1va z prvej ruky o tradi\u010dnom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed halucinog\u00e9nnych h\u00fab v Afrike a prv\u00e1 zmienka o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed halucinog\u00e9nnych h\u00fab v subsaharskej Afrike. Poznatky, o ktor\u00fdch sa v tejto \u0161t\u00fadii hovor\u00ed a ktor\u00e9 sa v nej zdie\u013eaj\u00fa, sa odovzd\u00e1vali z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu \u00fastnym podan\u00edm.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010c\u00edm viac sa dozved\u00e1me a objavujeme o magick\u00fdch hub\u00e1ch, t\u00fdm hlb\u0161iu a kraj\u0161iu hist\u00f3riu nach\u00e1dzame. Existuje mnoho kult\u00far, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e tis\u00edcro\u010dia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa plody zeme na duchovn\u00e9 lie\u010denie. Starovek\u00e9 poznatky sa dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa do popredia, preto\u017ee \u013eudia h\u013eadaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby \u017eivota v tomto svete a magick\u00e9 huby s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto pr\u00edbehu.<\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vedci objavili v ju\u017enej Afrike nielen jeden, ale rovno dva nov\u00e9 druhy psychedelick\u00fdch h\u00fab.\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":201641,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121,69],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-201624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mycology","category-psychedelic-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201624"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":202547,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/201624\/revisions\/202547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/201641"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=201624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=201624"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=201624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}