{"id":210079,"date":"2024-09-16T16:52:32","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T14:52:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=210079"},"modified":"2024-09-16T16:59:26","modified_gmt":"2024-09-16T14:59:26","slug":"potkani-roboti-co-su-halucinacie-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/tripping-robots-what-are-ai-hallucinations\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie robotov? \u010co s\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vo svojom kultovom rom\u00e1ne in\u0161pirovanom Blade Runnerom Sn\u00edvaj\u00fa androidi o elektrick\u00fdch ovciach,<\/em> sa autor Philip K. Dick zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eal nad etick\u00fdmi a filozofick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami, ktor\u00e9 sa vyn\u00e1raj\u00fa, ke\u010f si umel\u00e9 bytosti vyvin\u00fa vedomie podobn\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9mu. V rom\u00e1ne sa sk\u00fama, \u010di je \u010dlovekom vytvoren\u00e1 bytos\u0165 schopn\u00e1 nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 vlastnosti vn\u00edmania, ako je sebauvedomenie, poci\u0165ovanie em\u00f3ci\u00ed a schopnos\u0165 vn\u00edma\u0165. \u010co by to znamenalo pre hranice, ktor\u00e9 existuj\u00fa medzi \u013eudskou a umelou inteligenciou? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

K\u00fdm sme (d\u00fafajme!) <\/em>Hoci sme e\u0161te st\u00e1le \u010faleko od toho, aby sa technol\u00f3gia obr\u00e1tila proti n\u00e1m, ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 Dick v tejto knihe nastolil, s\u00fa dnes aktu\u00e1lnej\u0161ie ako kedyko\u013evek predt\u00fdm.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bezprecedentn\u00fd pr\u00edstup k umelej inteligencii <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tu, samozrejme, prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na rad halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie. S ned\u00e1vnym pr\u00edlevom ve\u013ek\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch modelov (LLM) <\/em>ako je ChatGPT, sme sa stretli s umelou inteligenciou sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fd nebol nikdy predt\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fd. V\u00fdhody aj nev\u00fdhody s\u00fa po\u010detn\u00e9 a kontroverzn\u00e9. Jednou z najfascinuj\u00facej\u0161\u00edch\/frustruj\u00facich\/desiv\u00fdch\/smie\u0161nych (v z\u00e1vislosti od v\u00e1\u0161ho poh\u013eadu) <\/em>veci, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili v r\u00e1mci tohto technologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoja, boli halucin\u00e1cie o umelej inteligencii. Tieto \"halucin\u00e1cie\" sa prejavuj\u00fa v tom, \u017ee LLM prezentuj\u00fa nepravdiv\u00e9, zav\u00e1dzaj\u00face alebo iracion\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie, akoby to boli fakty. Mnoh\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia zistili, \u017ee odpovede na ich ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 im tieto syst\u00e9my poskytli, boli preuk\u00e1zate\u013ene nepravdiv\u00e9. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee sa to vo v\u0161eobecnosti st\u00e1va vtedy, ke\u010f syst\u00e9m LLM nem\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii dostato\u010dne kvalitn\u00e9 \u00fadaje alebo dostato\u010dn\u00fd kontext, z ktor\u00e9ho by mohol vych\u00e1dza\u0165.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4\u017ee stroj halucinova\u0165?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdraz, ktor\u00fd bol pre t\u00fato chybu zvolen\u00fd, \"halucin\u00e1cie\", je zauj\u00edmav\u00fd. Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 paradoxn\u00fd, ke\u010f\u017ee halucin\u00e1cie sa tradi\u010dne sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa s \u013eudsk\u00fdmi alebo zvierac\u00edmi mozgami, nie s chladn\u00fdmi, tvrd\u00fdmi strojmi. Z metaforick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska v\u0161ak, halucin\u00e1cie<\/strong> sa ukazuje ako pomerne presn\u00fd term\u00edn na opis t\u00fdchto por\u00fach, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpadoch rozpozn\u00e1vania obrazu a vzorov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Viete, ako vid\u00edte postavy v oblakoch alebo tv\u00e1re v ne\u017eiv\u00fdch predmetoch? Ide o ve\u013emi prirodzen\u00fd \u013eudsk\u00fd jav, ktor\u00fd sa naz\u00fdva pareidolia<\/a>. <\/em>Halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie by sa v\u0161ak dali ozna\u010di\u0165 za podobn\u00e9, preto\u017ee v spleti \u00fadajov h\u013eadaj\u00fa rozpoznate\u013en\u00e9 vzory. K ich nespr\u00e1vnej interpret\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017ee d\u00f4js\u0165 v d\u00f4sledku r\u00f4znych faktorov vr\u00e1tane skreslenia\/nepresnosti tr\u00e9ningov\u00fdch \u00fadajov, nadmern\u00e9ho prisp\u00f4sobenia a vysokej zlo\u017eitosti modelu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Realita, ktorej nerozumej\u00fa<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

LLM pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa jazykov\u00fa \u0161tatistiku na vytv\u00e1ranie odpoved\u00ed o realite, ktorej v skuto\u010dnosti nerozumej\u00fa. Ich odpovede sa m\u00f4\u017eu zda\u0165 spr\u00e1vne (s pr\u00edkladnou gramatikou, s\u00e9mantikou at\u010f.) <\/em>ale niekedy to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fd nezmysel. Zle vycvi\u010den\u00e1 umel\u00e1 inteligencia bude ma\u0165 prirodzen\u00e9 predsudky a slep\u00e9 miesta, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa bude sna\u017ei\u0165 vyplni\u0165 pr\u00e1zdne miesta v snahe odpoveda\u0165 na va\u0161u ot\u00e1zku. Av\u0161ak \"pr\u00e1zdne miesta\", na ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00eds\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 celkom z in\u00e9ho sveta.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Possessed Photography na Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Niektor\u00ed \u013eudia maj\u00fa (sk\u00f4r romanticky)<\/em> prirovnal halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie k na\u0161im \u013eudsk\u00fdm snom v tom zmysle, \u017ee kreat\u00edvne sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa zdanlivo n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 \u00fadaje bez logick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu. Tieto bl\u00e1zniv\u00e9 reakcie m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 svoje v\u00fdhody. M\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017ei\u0165 na in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu \"netradi\u010dn\u00e9ho\" myslenia alebo ako v\u00fdchodisko pre p\u00edsanie, hudbu \u010di umenie. M\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161ak by\u0165 aj \u0161kodliv\u00e9. M\u00f4\u017eu \u0161\u00edri\u0165 falo\u0161n\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy a nepravdiv\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 samozrejme nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky. Nechcete predsa riskova\u0165 halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie, ke\u010f ide o samojazdiace aut\u00e1 alebo lek\u00e1rske diagn\u00f3zy!\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V snahe zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 poves\u0165 umelej inteligencie u verejnosti vedci ved\u00fa vojnu proti halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1m met\u00f3dami, ktor\u00e9 boli vyvinut\u00e9 na boj proti nim.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako v\u00e1m lep\u0161ie kladenie ot\u00e1zok prinesie lep\u0161ie odpovede<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z t\u00fdchto met\u00f3d je \"Prompt Engineering\". To kladie na n\u00e1s, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, aby sme si d\u00f4kladne premysleli, ako formulujeme ot\u00e1zky, ktor\u00e9 kladieme LLM. Ide o to, aby sme sa p\u00fdtali vpravo <\/strong>ot\u00e1zka. V\u00fdzva je v podstate kontext a s\u00fabor in\u0161trukci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 d\u00e1te LLM, ako je ChatGPT, aby ste z\u00edskali vhodn\u00fa odpove\u010f. \u00daspe\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdzva zah\u0155\u0148a zahrnutie jasn\u00e9ho kontextu a poh\u013eadu na to, \u010do sa p\u00fdtate, zadanie \"\u00falohy\" gener\u00e1toru umelej inteligencie a dokonca aj na\u010drtnutie toho, ako chcete, aby bola odpove\u010f \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e1.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejde len o to, aby ste do Googlu zadali nieko\u013eko k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch slov. Na dosiahnutie \u010do najlep\u0161ieho a najpresnej\u0161ieho v\u00fdsledku m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 niekedy potrebn\u00fdch viacero podnetov. V podstate mus\u00edte ma\u0165 plne pod kontrolou svoje vstupn\u00e9 \u00fadaje, aby ste mohli usmer\u0148ova\u0165 svoj v\u00fdstup, \u010do je sp\u00f4sob pr\u00e1ca s existuj\u00facim syst\u00e9mom <\/strong>bez toho, aby sa podstatne zmenilo jeho naprogramovanie. \u010c\u00edm kvalitnej\u0161iu v\u00fdzvu vlo\u017e\u00edte, t\u00fdm kvalitnej\u0161iu odpove\u010f dostanete.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Foto: Igor Omilaev on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ako \"Promt Engineering\" s\u00favis\u00ed s psychedelick\u00fdm trippingom<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\"Fascinuj\u00face veci!\" <\/em>- by ste mohli poveda\u0165 - \"Ale \u010do to m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s psychedelick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami?!\" <\/em>No, \u00faprimne povedan\u00e9, nie je toho ve\u013ea, okrem odvol\u00e1vania sa nahalucin\u00e1cie<\/a>. Met\u00f3dy, ktor\u00fdmi m\u00f4\u017eete potla\u010di\u0165 halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie, n\u00e1s v\u0161ak prin\u00fatili zamyslie\u0165 sa nad t\u00fdm, ako ovplyv\u0148ujeme na\u0161e vlastn\u00e9, cielen\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie - t. j. psychedelick\u00e9 v\u00fdlety.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1to my\u0161lienka prisp\u00f4sobenia vstupov na zabezpe\u010denie dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdstupu je v mnoh\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch podobn\u00e1 my\u0161lienke nastavenie z\u00e1meru<\/strong>a \u010fal\u0161ia pr\u00e1ca, ktor\u00fa vykon\u00e1vame, aby sme pripravte sa na psychedelick\u00fd trip vo vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vkach<\/a>. Av\u0161ak namiesto toho, aby sme sa vyhli \"nespr\u00e1vnym\" odpovediam. (niekto m\u00f4\u017ee poveda\u0165, \u017ee na psychedelickom tripe neexistuj\u00fa zl\u00e9 odpovede!) <\/em>rob\u00edme to preto, aby sme z\u00edskali \u010do najhlb\u0161\u00ed a najgenerat\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitok. Stanovenie z\u00e1meru je v istom zmysle \"ot\u00e1zkou\". 'Nastavenie a nastavenie<\/a>' je ako kontext.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Vytvoren\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom deepdreamgenerator<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hoci na rozdiel od umelej inteligencie s\u00fa na\u0161e halucin\u00e1cie, sny a bl\u00fadenie mys\u013eou zvy\u010dajne pozit\u00edvnou vecou, vypestovanie si \u00farovne s\u00fastredenia na cestu v\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017ee pom\u00f4c\u0165 vy\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 z nej \u010do najviac. Uistite sa, \u017ee sa psychicky c\u00edtite dobre a \u017ee ste v bezpe\u010dnom a pohodlnom prostred\u00ed. Sformulujte svoje ot\u00e1zky\/z\u00e1mery\/n\u00e1pady na l\u00e1skav\u00fd vesm\u00edr<\/strong>, a nie z vyh\u013ead\u00e1va\u010da Google.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edzie n\u00e1\u0161ho vn\u00fatorn\u00e9ho ja<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Halucinova\u0165 je ve\u013emi \u013eudsk\u00e1 vec - prejavova\u0165 v\u00edzie na\u0161ich vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch t\u00fa\u017eob, ob\u00e1v, z\u00e1zrakov alebo dokonca hl\u00fapeho videa, ktor\u00e9 ste minul\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148 sledovali na Youtube. V\u0161etko v n\u00e1s ovplyv\u0148uje to, \u010do vid\u00edme a za\u017e\u00edvame, ke\u010f sa potk\u00fdname. Vstup<\/strong>, v\u00fdstup<\/strong>. Tak\u017ee hoci halucin\u00e1cie umelej inteligencie rozhodne nie s\u00fa v rovnakej lige, alebo dokonca na rovnakej \u00farovni (aspo\u0148 zatia\u013e nie!) <\/em>je mo\u017en\u00e9 in\u0161pirova\u0165 sa sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fdm k nim pristupujeme, pokia\u013e ide o na\u0161e vlastn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy do psychedelick\u00e1 inteligencia<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u013dudia, \u017eijeme skuto\u010dne v bud\u00facnosti. Pr\u00e1ve v \u010dase, ke\u010f popularita psychedel\u00edk dosahuje najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed vrchol za posledn\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia, roboti n\u00e1s predbehn\u00fa. \u00c1no, stroje maj\u00fa halucin\u00e1cie. D\u00e1 sa v\u0161ak n\u00e1js\u0165 nie\u010do *odhalen\u00e9*, ke\u010f umel\u00e1 inteligencia halucinuje?<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":210099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,87],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-210079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy-and-spirituality","category-pop-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210079"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210111,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210079\/revisions\/210111"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/210099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210079"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=210079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}