{"id":216305,"date":"2024-11-05T10:35:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T09:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=216305"},"modified":"2024-11-05T10:35:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T09:35:49","slug":"napriek-tomu-ze-nema-mozog-tato-huba-dokaze-rozpoznat-tvary-ktore-sa-rozhoduju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/despite-having-no-brain-this-fungus-can-recognize-shapes-make-decisions\/","title":{"rendered":"Napriek tomu, \u017ee t\u00e1to huba nem\u00e1 mozog, dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpozna\u0165 tvary a rozhodova\u0165 sa"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u00f4\u017eu organizmy bez mozgu vykazova\u0165 zn\u00e1mky inteligencie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u00e1no. A op\u00e4\u0165 s\u00fa to huby, ktor\u00e9 n\u00fatia vedcov prehodnoti\u0165 v\u0161etko. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
nielen huby, ale aj inteligentn\u00fd \u010dlovek<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci z Tohoku University a Nagaoka College uskuto\u010dnili \u0161t\u00fadium<\/a> meranie rozhodovac\u00edch procesov u h\u00fab, a t\u00fdm odhalili komplexn\u00e9 a inteligentn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie pozorovan\u00fdch jedincov. Tieto prevratn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky spochyb\u0148uj\u00fa na\u0161e s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 ch\u00e1panie poznania u jednoduch\u00fdch organizmov.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vedci sk\u00famali nezn\u00e1mu hubu, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva Phanerochaete velutina, <\/em>rastlinn\u00fd patog\u00e9n, ktor\u00fd infikuje broskyne a nekt\u00e1rinky. Pri svojich experimentoch zistili, \u017ee huba dok\u00e1\u017ee nielen rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165 tvary, ale dokonca aj komunikova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o svojom okolitom prostred\u00ed v celej sieti myc\u00e9lia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Myc\u00e9lium: Podzemn\u00e1 sie\u0165 h\u00fab<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00f4r ako budeme pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo fascinuj\u00facich zisteniach o hub\u00e1ch, trochu si osvie\u017eime, \u010do je to vlastne myc\u00e9lium:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huby rast\u00fa a rozmno\u017euj\u00fa sa uvo\u013e\u0148ovan\u00edm sp\u00f3ry<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 (s n\u00e1dejou)<\/em> vykl\u00ed\u010dia a pod zemou sa zmenia na dlh\u00e9, biele, pavu\u010dinov\u00e9 vl\u00e1kna. Toto sa naz\u00fdva myc\u00e9lium<\/strong>. Ke\u010f vid\u00edte hubu vyrastaj\u00facu zo zeme, mo\u017eno si neuvedomujete, \u017ee pod \u0148ou sa nach\u00e1dza rozsiahla sie\u0165 vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00e9ho myc\u00e9lia. Huba je len \"kvetom\" organizmu na rozmno\u017eovanie - ur\u010dite to nie je cel\u00e1 huba! Pr\u00e1ve prostredn\u00edctvom tejto m\u00fadrej siete myc\u00e9lia sa m\u00f4\u017eu zdie\u013ea\u0165 inform\u00e1cie, podobne ako nervov\u00e9 spojenia v mozgu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Myc\u00e9lium (cez Wikimedia Commons)<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Boli by ste prekvapen\u00ed, \u010doho v\u0161etk\u00e9ho s\u00fa huby schopn\u00e9...\"<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Yu Fukasawa, docent lesnej ekol\u00f3gie na univerzite Tohoku, vo svojom vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed uviedol;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Boli by ste prekvapen\u00ed, \u010doho v\u0161etk\u00e9ho s\u00fa huby schopn\u00e9... Maj\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, u\u010dia sa a dok\u00e1\u017eu sa rozhodova\u0165. \u00daplne \u00faprimne, rozdiely v tom, ako rie\u0161ia probl\u00e9my v porovnan\u00ed s \u013eu\u010fmi, s\u00fa ohromuj\u00face.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako \u0161t\u00fadia fungovala?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Experimenty, podrobne op\u00edsan\u00e9 v \u010dl\u00e1nku uverejnenom v \u010dasopise Ekol\u00f3gia h\u00fab, <\/em>prebehlo takto;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fukasawa a jeho kolegovia usporiadali mal\u00e9 dreven\u00e9 bloky do r\u00f4znych tvarov a \u00fatvarov a nechali sie\u0165  P. veluntina <\/em>myc\u00e9lium (ktor\u00fd r\u00e1d chrumk\u00e1 drevo) <\/em>sa nas\u00fdtili. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tu sa dostala naozaj <\/em>V\u00fdskumn\u00edci si v\u0161imli, \u017ee myc\u00e9lium sa zrejme rozhoduje cielene v z\u00e1vislosti od toho, ako s\u00fa dreven\u00e9 bloky usporiadan\u00e9. Namiesto toho, aby sa jednoducho \u0161\u00edrili z centr\u00e1lneho bodu bez oh\u013eadu na polohu dreven\u00fdch blokov, sledovali ich formovanie. Vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee to nazna\u010duje z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 inteligencie a rozhodovac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huba dok\u00e1zala rozpozna\u0165 tvary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vedci zistili, \u017ee huba zrejme dok\u00e1\u017ee rozpozn\u00e1va\u0165 tvary. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f boli bloky usporiadan\u00e9 do kr\u00ed\u017ea, myc\u00e9lium rozpoznalo, kde sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa krajn\u00e9 bloky, a zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee toto usporiadanie ozn\u00e1milo zvy\u0161ku svojej siete. Stupe\u0148 prepojenia bol v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v t\u00fdchto krajn\u00fdch blokoch, \u010do viedlo v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov k hypot\u00e9ze, \u017ee tieto bloky sl\u00fa\u017eili ako \"predsunut\u00e9 stanovi\u0161tia\" pre myc\u00e9liov\u00fa sie\u0165 na uskuto\u010d\u0148ovanie potravn\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, preto\u017ee tie by potrebovali hustej\u0161ie prepojenie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa potom bloky usporiadali do kruhu, myc\u00e9lium sa nesna\u017eilo r\u00e1s\u0165 do stredu, \u010do nazna\u010dovalo, \u017ee zistilo, \u017ee tam nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne bloky, ktor\u00e9 by mohlo jes\u0165. Okrem toho bol stupe\u0148 spojenia rovnak\u00fd pre ka\u017ed\u00fd blok, ke\u010f\u017ee bloky boli rovnako vzdialen\u00e9 od stredu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Obr\u00e1zok s l\u00e1skav\u00fdm dovolen\u00edm Yu Fukasawa et al<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\"Tieto zistenia nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee hubov\u00e9 myc\u00e9lium dok\u00e1\u017ee \"rozpozna\u0165\" rozdiely v priestorovom usporiadan\u00ed dreven\u00fdch blokov ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 svojej \u010dinnosti pri rozklade dreva,\"<\/em> nap\u00edsali v\u00fdskumn\u00edci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako n\u00e1m huby pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pochopi\u0165 svet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vedci d\u00fafaj\u00fa, \u017ee ich zistenia by mohli vies\u0165 k pokroku v r\u00f4znych oblastiach. Patr\u00ed sem aj \u0161t\u00fadium in\u00fdch mikroskopick\u00fdch organizmov, ako s\u00fa slizov\u00e9 plesne (ktor\u00e9 podobne vykazuj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 inteligencie), <\/em>na biologick\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nap\u00e1jan\u00e9 organoidn\u00e9 mozgov\u00e9 kult\u00fary<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dodali;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Funk\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam myc\u00e9lia h\u00fab m\u00f4\u017ee prinies\u0165 poznatky o \u0161t\u00fadiu primit\u00edvnej inteligencie organizmov bez mozgu, pochopenie jej ekologick\u00fdch vplyvov a v\u00fdvoj po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov na biologickej b\u00e1ze,\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je na\u0161e ch\u00e1panie sveta h\u00fab dos\u0165 obmedzen\u00e9, je to z\u00e1hada v porovnan\u00ed s na\u0161\u00edm ch\u00e1pan\u00edm rastl\u00edn a \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov. V\u00fdskum, ako je tento, by n\u00e1m mohol pom\u00f4c\u0165 odhali\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 nezn\u00e1me, ako napr\u00edklad to, ako sa u organizmov vyvinulo vedomie a poznanie. O vesm\u00edre toho ve\u013ea nevieme a zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee huby n\u00e1m m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 v na\u0161om \u00fasil\u00ed o pochopenie.\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Greg Rakozy on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonsk\u00ed vedci urobili pri sk\u00faman\u00ed nezn\u00e1mej huby celkom kuri\u00f3zny objav. Zistilo sa, \u017ee napriek tomu, \u017ee huba nem\u00e1 mozog, vykazuje formy inteligencie, ako je rozhodovanie, pam\u00e4\u0165 a u\u010denie. Nie, toto nie je z\u00e1pletka nov\u00e9ho sci-fi filmu! \u010c\u00edtajte \u010falej a dozviete sa viac...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":216441,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,88],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-216305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-philosophy-and-spirituality","category-psychedelic-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=216305"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":216322,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/216305\/revisions\/216322"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=216305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=216305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=216305"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=216305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}