{"id":88963,"date":"2022-10-17T18:02:46","date_gmt":"2022-10-17T16:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/?p=88963"},"modified":"2023-05-04T14:06:14","modified_gmt":"2023-05-04T12:06:14","slug":"huby-jedina-vec-ktora-profituje-z-toho-ze-ju-zasiahne-blesk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/blog\/mushrooms-the-only-thing-which-benefits-from-being-struck-by-lightning\/","title":{"rendered":"Huby: Jedin\u00e1 vec, ktorej prospieva, ke\u010f ju zasiahne blesk"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je to dos\u0165 na to, aby ste sa zachumlali do ko\u0161ie\u013eky a v \u0161t\u00fdle grizzlyho sa ulo\u017eili k zimn\u00e9mu sp\u00e1nku a\u017e do jari.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Daniele Levis Pelusi on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u013eud po b\u00farke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ale ke\u010f sa b\u00farka kone\u010dne rozplynie a my sa do\u010dk\u00e1me svie\u017eeho jesenn\u00e9ho d\u0148a s chrumkav\u00fdm meden\u00fdm l\u00edst\u00edm a najmodrej\u0161ou oblohou, naozaj nie je ni\u010d lep\u0161ie. A ak sa t\u00falate po kopcoch a \u00fadoliach (alebo miestny park) <\/em>v de\u0148, ako je tento, si m\u00f4\u017eete v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee popul\u00e1cia h\u00fab m\u00e1, no, hr\u00edbovit\u00e9. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Phoenix Han on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Jasn\u00e9, ve\u010f je sez\u00f3na. To v\u0161ak nie je iba <\/em>d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 huby o nie\u010do bohat\u0161ie. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 aj spom\u00ednan\u00e1 b\u00farka. \u00c1no, ako hovor\u00ed vlastne dos\u0165 star\u00e1 legenda, blesk sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee sa huby mno\u017eia. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Folkl\u00f3r o pestovan\u00ed h\u00fab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1no, podobne ako doktor Frankenstein o\u017eivuje svoje \u00faboh\u00e9 mon\u0161trum, aj huby zrejme vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa silu elektrickej energie pr\u00edrody. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tento folkl\u00f3r je zn\u00e1my u\u017e dlho, najm\u00e4 japonsk\u00fdm po\u013enohospod\u00e1rom, ktor\u00ed v\u017edy v\u00edtali b\u00farkov\u00e9 mraky zbiehaj\u00face sa na oblohe. Vedeli, \u017ee ich \u00faroda h\u00fab bude \u010doskoro prekvita\u0165. A dobre urobili, preto\u017ee huby s\u00fa z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou japonskej stravy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa v\u0161ak ponuka nerovn\u00e1 dopytu a ro\u010dne sa okrem dom\u00e1cich plod\u00edn dov\u00e1\u017ea 50 000 ton h\u00fab. To viedlo v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov k tomu, aby sa v snahe zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 plnenie hubami obr\u00e1tili na \u013eudov\u00fa kult\u00faru krajiny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozmno\u017eovanie h\u00fab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V r\u00e1mci nieko\u013ekoro\u010dnej \u0161t\u00fadie vedci z univerzity Iwate v severnom Japonsku odp\u00e1lili r\u00f4zne druhy h\u00fab umelo vyvolan\u00fdm bleskom. Tieto huby sa pestuj\u00fa v laborat\u00f3rnych z\u00e1hrad\u00e1ch. V\u010faka tomu sa d\u00e1 \u013eahko zmera\u0165, \u010di elektrick\u00e1 energia sp\u00f4sobila ich rozmno\u017eovanie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Johannes Plenio on Unsplash<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A kto vie? Ich zistenia ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee n\u00e1razy elektrickej energie (pri sile rovnaj\u00facej sa blesku) <\/em>m\u00f4\u017ee viac ako zdvojn\u00e1sobi\u0165 produkciu niektor\u00fdch druhov h\u00fab v porovnan\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi met\u00f3dami pestovania. Z desiatich druhov h\u00fab, ktor\u00e9 sa v tom \u010dase sk\u00fa\u0161ali, bolo osem citliv\u00fdch na zn\u00e1sobuj\u00face \u00fa\u010dinky blesku. Koichi Takaki, docent na univerzite, povedal;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Najlep\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky sme zaznamenali v shiitake<\/a> a huby nameko<\/em>. Testovali sme aj reishi<\/a> huby, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa jedl\u00e9, ale pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v niektor\u00fdch druhoch tradi\u010dnej \u010d\u00ednskej medic\u00edny,\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ur\u00fdchlenie procesu kultiv\u00e1cie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pestovanie h\u00fab shiitake je zvy\u010dajne celoro\u010dn\u00fd proces. Najsk\u00f4r sa musia h\u00fdfy h\u00fab vypestova\u0165 v kmeni z tvrd\u00e9ho dreva, ktor\u00fd sa uchov\u00e1va v z\u00e1honoch. Potom po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri ponoria kmene na 1 a\u017e 2 dni do vody a potom sa strojom ot\u013akaj\u00fa. (kmene, nie po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri.)<\/em> T\u00fdm sa huba dostane do reproduk\u010dnej f\u00e1zy a za\u010dne produkova\u0165 chutn\u00e9 shiitake, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me a milujeme. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Takakiho \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch sa cez kme\u0148 shiitake p\u00fa\u0161\u0165al jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd v priebehu nieko\u013ek\u00fdch dn\u00ed sp\u00f4sobil zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdnosov. Rozhodne to bolo ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako nieko\u013eko mesiacov trvaj\u00face bitie kme\u0148a robotom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Na zmenu stavu rastu h\u00fab z vegetat\u00edvneho na reproduk\u010dn\u00fd rast plodn\u00edc pou\u017e\u00edvame stimul\u00e1ciu elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom s vysok\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm.\"<\/em>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"N\u00e1hly n\u00e1rast<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Takaki a spol. vyslovili hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee huby v bl\u00edzkosti z\u00f3ny z\u00e1sahu bleskom s\u00fa stimulovan\u00e9 men\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bojom, ktor\u00fd prech\u00e1dza p\u00f4dou, a nie priamym z\u00e1sahom, preto\u017ee ten by huby usma\u017eil. (a nie v chutnom zmysle!) <\/em>Preto bol spusten\u00fd pr\u00fad prostredn\u00edctvom str\u00e1nky .<\/em> denn\u00edk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pri testoch sa zistilo, \u017ee optim\u00e1lna v\u00fd\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 h\u00fab sa dosiahla, ke\u010f boli vystaven\u00e9 nap\u00e4tiu od 50 000 do 1 000 000 voltov po\u010das jednej desa\u0165mili\u00f3ntinovej sekundy. V\u00fd\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 huby shiitake sa zdvojn\u00e1sobila a huba nameko mala za t\u00fdchto podmienok o 80% vy\u0161\u0161iu v\u00fd\u0165a\u017enos\u0165. Fuj!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takaki povedal; \"Reakciou h\u00fab na tento n\u00e1hly pr\u00edlev energie je najprv zn\u00ed\u017eenie mno\u017estva prote\u00ednov a enz\u00fdmov vylu\u010dovan\u00fdch ich h\u00fdfami, po ktorom nasleduje ich n\u00e1hly n\u00e1rast.\" <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: NOAA on Unsplash<\/mark><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dos\u0165 elektrizuj\u00face veci! Ale Takaki e\u0161te neskon\u010dil. Kmene, s ktor\u00fdmi pracovali, mali pr\u00fad veden\u00fd priamo cez ne - ale po\u017eadovan\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdnosov sa prejavilo aj v popul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch h\u00fab, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzali na m\u00edle \u010faleko od miest, kam prirodzene udrel blesk. Pre\u010do?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takaki navrhol, \u017ee rast h\u00fab nesp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa v\u00fdlu\u010dne elektrick\u00e9 \u0161oky, ale \u017ee s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto procesu musia by\u0165 aj in\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne \u00fa\u010dinky. (Mo\u017eno <\/em>a trochu ako efekt sprievodu<\/a> ale s bleskom?) <\/em>Takaki a jeho t\u00edm sa rozhodli presk\u00fama\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinky prirodzenej\u0161\u00edch, nepriamych z\u00e1sahov elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom na rast h\u00fab. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zameranie na takmer stratu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V prv\u00fd de\u0148 vzali polen\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 boli vopred pripraven\u00e9 na proces stimul\u00e1cie, a ponorili ich do vody na 24 hod\u00edn. Potom ich umiestnili 3 metre od gener\u00e1tora impulzn\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia. Elektr\u00f3dy naprogramovali tak, aby generovali 3 - 4 \u00fadery, \u010do je priemer pre elektrick\u00fd b\u00farkov\u00fd mrak. Do 9., 11. a 13. d\u0148a sa im podarilo zozbiera\u0165 huby s klob\u00fa\u010dikmi s priemerom viac ako 50 mm. Kmene umiestnen\u00e9 3 m od sveteln\u00fdch \u00faderov vyprodukovali dvakr\u00e1t viac h\u00fab ako kontroln\u00e9 kmene, ktor\u00e9 boli vzdialen\u00e9 12 m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tretia skupina gu\u013eatiny bola vystaven\u00e1 s\u00faborom sveteln\u00fdch z\u00e1sahov ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 po\u010das jedn\u00e9ho t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148a. Tie priniesli e\u0161te vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farodu ako p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 polen\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 dostali jednu sadu z\u00e1sahov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takaki vysvet\u013euje;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ve\u013ek\u00fd pr\u00fad z \u00faderu blesku sp\u00f4sobuje r\u00fdchly n\u00e1rast teploty z izbovej teploty na pribli\u017ene 10 000 \u00b0C. Tento r\u00fdchly n\u00e1rast teploty r\u00fdchlo zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje objem vzduchu, \u010d\u00edm vznik\u00e1 r\u00e1zov\u00e1 vlna, ktor\u00e1 sa \u0161\u00edri a n\u00e1sledne vibruje vo vn\u00fatri kme\u0148a. T\u00fdm sa h\u00fdbu h\u00fdfy vo vn\u00fatri kme\u0148a, l\u00e1m\u00fa sa vl\u00e1kna a stimuluje sa tvorba plodn\u00edc.\"<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Folkl\u00f3r sa st\u00e1va skuto\u010dnos\u0165ou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je neuverite\u013en\u00e9, ke\u010f sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee starod\u00e1vna m\u00fadros\u0165 je tak trochu, \u00faplne pravdiv\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 V starovekom V\u00e9dske<\/a> mytol\u00f3gie, stoj\u00ed za zmienku, \u017ee Soma<\/em>, z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u00fdtick\u00e1 rastlina, n\u00e1poj a bo\u017estvo, pad\u00e1 na zem prostredn\u00edctvom da\u017e\u010fa podfarben\u00e9ho hromom a svetlom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie je to neobvykl\u00fd v\u00fdklad V\u00e9dy, \u017ee Soma<\/em> je v skuto\u010dnosti psychedelick\u00e1 huba. V skuto\u010dnosti Henry Wasson<\/a>okrem in\u00e9ho navrhol Soma<\/em> bol v skuto\u010dnosti Amanita muscaria<\/a><\/em>. A teraz vieme, \u017ee huby naozaj s\u00fa <\/em>stimulovan\u00e9 prirodzenou zemskou elektrinou, je celkom fajn predstavi\u0165 si, \u017ee hr\u00edbov\u00e9 bo\u017estv\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 vyrastaj\u00fa zo zeme zasiahnutej bleskom, nie s\u00fa a\u017e tak \u010faleko od pravdy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Foto: Jay on Unsplash<\/em><\/mark><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tak, a je to. Huby - jedin\u00e1 vec, ktorej prospieva z\u00e1sah bleskom. Mo\u017eno sa v\u0161ak zatia\u013e nepok\u00fa\u0161ajte zasiahnu\u0165 svoju pestovate\u013esk\u00fa s\u00fapravu - ich v\u00fdnos je u\u017e aj tak dobr\u00fd, no a namiesto toho by ste si mohli omylom sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 mal\u00fd \u0161ok...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stra\u0161ideln\u00e9 obdobie je tu. D\u00e1\u017e\u010f bi\u010duje, vietor kv\u00edli, akoby sa sna\u017eil odf\u00faknu\u0165 posledn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky leta. Potom sa oz\u00fdvaj\u00fa hromy a blesky (ve\u013emi, ve\u013emi ma desia!), ktor\u00e9 otriasaj\u00fa samotn\u00fdm nebom.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":88984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"topics":[],"class_list":["post-88963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-studies"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88963"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88963\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":122387,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88963\/revisions\/122387"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/88984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88963"},{"taxonomy":"topics","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wholecelium.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topics?post=88963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}